Lean Management in a Salon

1. 0. About the organization Yellow Nails Salon is a privately run business which specializes in nail care and started off as a nail-bar 5 years ago. It is a small setup with 10 service staff, one main work floor, 2 treatment rooms, a storeroom, a pantry and a restroom. The owner visits the salon every day for a couple of hours to keep an eye on the over-all running of the salon and to ensure work is being done up to the standard. The salon services about 20 customers on weekdays and up to 40 customers on weekends/peak seasons, and receives about 20% turn-away customers daily. . 1. Main products and services The core services provided by the salon are different types of manicures and pedicures. Since 2010 the salon has grown in popularity and seen a demand from regular clients to offer more varied services, so hair treatments, massage services, hair removal and specialized facials have been introduced. The salon also stocks nail polishes which the customers can purchase. 1. 2. The cu stomers The client base consists of women from low to mid-income families residing in the area.These are women that like the convenience of having a salon close by that they can visit regularly and pamper themselves, yet not blow a hole in their pockets by doing so. A lot of the customers treat their salon time as a requirement rather than an indulgence and slot it in as a job in their busy schedules. 1. 3. Order qualifiers and order winners for the company The order winners for the salon are the prices offered along with the decor and environment.There are no other salons in the area with a matching stylish interior while offering similar competitive rates. Any salons that offer this type of ambience will be too pricey, and those that are not, will not have the same sort of interiors. The order qualifiers are the experience of the staff, the services offered and the location. 2. 0. Challenges One of the biggest challenges faced by the business is that a lot of customers have to be turned away because the salon is unable to accommodate them in several ways.While a lot of similar salons thrive on new and walk-in customers, in Yellow Nails, unless you have pre planned the visit and booked, you will not be attended to, even if is it a case of adding an extra treatment during your visit. Appointments are made and not kept, yet the staff is obligated to sit idle until the customer arrives and turn away walk-in customers. Another major problem is that a lot of time is taken up by each customer alone as a single specialist attends to a customer at a time, while other staff waits for their booking to arrive.There have been occasions when it has been witnessed that some roll-on wax has been thrown away because it has dried up so the attendant has had to open a new case, which is also the case with other beauty products. Seemingly, there is quite a bit of wastage due to old stock being kept. Another issue seems to be that though the staff is very friendly and their work is of a high standard, the space around them is not very organized, resulting in longer waiting time for the customer, even between services.Along with these challenges, the cost of operations is high, as the owner gets the spa products from Switzerland which she visits periodically and stocks up on her visit and has also invested heavily in treatment machines, which require regular maintenance. These factors show that it is quite important for the business to structure its operations more effectively in order to generate more desirable profits. 2. 1. Evidence Having been to the salon many times and witnessing the problems on a first-hand basis, there is no doubt that the problems observed do truly exist.Many businesses have challenges which are buried under a shiny exterior, but when the customer starts facing it directly, you know it’s an issue that needs to be dealt with immediately, possibly more critically in a service-based company. 2. 2. Effects on the Business While the salon is making sufficient revenue, it is losing out on prospective business because the jobs are not streamlined effectively. Having spoken to the manager of the salon about how the business is performing, she said it is doing quite well and they are making â€Å"good money†.On the slightly negative side, she went on to say that they are unable to hire any more staff because they don’t have space to accommodate more customers at one time and the owner had no intention to expand the space. What was perceived from the discussion was that they do recognize that a lot of customers have to be turned away due to which they are losing potential business, and that the owner is interested in hiring more girls in order to boost profit but is unable to, and she doesn’t think there is any other solution to this problem.The obvious answer, as per the owner, is that more staff equals more customers, which means more revenue. ? 3. 0. Lean implementation in the service sec tor Traditionally, Lean practices have been largely associated with the manufacturing industry, with literature and methods of implementation being more accessible in that particular sector. We therefore look at the research of several authors that discuss how lean can be applied in service industries and the factors that need to be focused on in order to be able to do so.We also look at the different frameworks of lean that makes it a recommended approach. 3. 1. Literature Review The term Lean management has first been used in the book The Machine That Changed the World by Womack, Jones and Roos (1990), describing the fundamentals of the Toyota production system as lean production (Coote and Gould, 2006). Following on from which, Coote and Gould’s (2006) literature talks about lean as a concept that has come to mean different things to different people, from claiming that most view it as a collaboration of efficiency and low cost which they depict as being a narrow view.They provide a more wholesome definition describing it as ‘delivering customer value without waste’. As businesses tend to place a high importance to their customers, it would be inevitable that a concept with a large focus on that factor would be adopted, although one would question whether the approach is only fit for a manufacturing company. Abdi et al (2006) state that lean can be applied to service sectors and that there are similarities and differences in adopting the approach from a service point of view.Their literature discusses five different principles from the works of Womack and Jones (1996) and how these lean manufacturing principles can be applied to the service sector, which includes specifying value by service, indentifying the service value stream, making the service flow, supplying at the pull of the customer and implementing the pursuit of perfection and in order to apply these principles, they place the human element as a crucial variable in the service s sector.Another piece of literature, researched by Bonaccorsi et al (2011), concludes that lean thinking has the potentialities to be implemented in the service industry as an effective way to cut costs and increase customer satisfaction. They emphasize that applying lean to service is challenging which is why lean concepts must often be redefined in a proper way, and to solve this, the concept Service Value Stream Management (SVSM) has been developed.This approach is flexible in nature and can be applied to a wide range of cases, including Yellow Nails salon, wherein the principles of lean need to be tailored to the requirements of that particular sector. As SVSM is claimed to be flexible and used functionally as a general guide, there should be no complications to develop a true lean service via its implementation. Piercy and Rich’s (2009) research findings highlight that through the adoption of lean service tools, service business can serve the traditionally competing pri orities both of operational cost reduction and of increased customer service quality.The lean approach is validated in the service context and proposed as a valuable addition to traditional service marketing approaches to services improvement. In their paper, they present the data on the implementation of lean process approaches in the call centre context highlighting rapid improvements such as value identification, process/value stream mapping, and removal of barriers to flow value to the customer. An empirical study by Alsmadi et al (2012), analyzes the differences in the relationship between lean practices and firm performance in the UK manufacturing and service sectors.Although lean practices have been successfully implemented in many manufacturing cases, their effect on firm performance in both manufacturing and service sectors is still limited. First, the empirical findings in both sectors suggest that Lean practices are positively associated with firms’ performance and the degree of impact on performance is also identical between the two sectors, therefore their study supports the positive argument concerning the applicability of Lean practices in service firms and their potential effect on performance.The results also suggested that soft Lean practices related to customer and HR management in the service sector was performing highly which is why it is essential, as stated by other authors, that Lean practices need to be distilled and tailored to the specific features of the sector. Once the idea of lean principles has been accepted that is can be implemented by a service based company, it would be important to focus on the specific internal implementation techniques, wherein Malayeff (2006) attempts to provide insight into the management of an internal service system derived from a perspective of Lean management.He claims this would exist within professional service units of development, engineering, information technology, human resources and c onsumer affairs. In the case of Yellow Nails salon, the focus would be on the HR and consumer functions.. Malayeff’s (2006) study stated that internal service systems have numerous common structural characteristics including the importance of information, process flows across functions, many hand-offs of information, hidden costs and benefits and no explicit motivation for urgency.The wasteful activities can be classified into seven groups: delays reviews, mistakes, duplication, movement, processing inefficiencies and resource inefficiencies, and he found that the most common problems included a lack of standard procedures, long service times, communication breakdowns and poor personnel management, out of which all but communication breakdowns are issues that Yellow Nails salon can be seen as a victim of. Draghichi and Petcu (2011) also propose Lean Six Sigma as a strong leadership approach for improving management rocesses, while reducing errors which can in turn help both t he organization and its employees do things quicker and better through quality principles, resulting in improvements at all service organization levels Bortolotti and Romano (2012) developed a framework based on a study they conducted wherein they found that the automation of a process that is not streamlined can generate problems that can slow down the flow of work and increase errors. They state that a process should first be mapped to highlight waste and only when the new process is streamlined, can it actually be automated.They go on to say that by doing so, the new process will automate only value-added activities recognized by the customers which we will touch upon in more detail for Yellow Nails salon in section 4. 3. 2. Recommendations Though the authors state that through tailored concepts being applied to service sectors, lean can be effectively employed, it is important for authors in the field to depict more focused principles relating to lean practices for a full servic e based business, which seems to be missing. 4. 0. Project Plan for Lean ImplementationIn order to fix the problems that the business is facing, I would propose a new business model incorporating a lean approach. Lean focuses on elimination of waste (Slack et al, 2010) and the following are some of the Muda, or non-value adding work for the customer that can be eliminated with the suggested operational implementations. 4. 1. Reducing waiting time Yellow Nails Salon will benefit from eradicating the appointment system that they are currently enforcing, which in fact ties up the service slot, even if the customer is late due to the business’ policy that could be given to a walk-in customer.Management should instead implement job cards with a list of what treatments the customer wants with service being given on a first-come-first-serve basis. This will allow the business to maximize the number of customers they are taking on daily, not turn any customers away and eventually cut down on the waiting time of the customer. 4. 2. Full utilization of Human Resources Currently, the staff is not being utilized to their maximum capability so it would be beneficial to the business to reorganize the way the service staff is taking on workload.A full utilization of all staff at all times approach should be set into place, so if there is one customer and two staff members available, they should both attend to the client to speed up the service where possible . This would essentially free up 50% of the client’s time in the salon, which no doubt will be give them better value for money. The improved efficiencies can be highlighted by illustrating this using Value Stream Mapping. 4. 2. 1 Value Stream Mapping Value stream mapping focuses on value-adding activities and distinguishes between value-adding and non-value-adding activities (Slack et al, 2010).The following is a simplified version showing the value added activities for a customer at the salon and highligh ts the waiting time as the ‘waste’ which should be eliminated. Example of customer x – Requirement: Manicure, Haircut & Waxing It can be seen that with the current means of operations, a customer with the mentioned requirements will be at the salon for three hours and fifteen minutes, whereas by employing lean practices, their time can be cut down by a full hour and fifteen minutes. 4. 3. JIT implementation for beauty productsThough the owner may view it as a major set-back, it would be an intelligent decision to acquire a local supplier that can provide good quality products that the salon can order in smaller batches when required, rather than purchasing excellent quality products in large quantities, keep the stock in storage over long periods of time and throw a large portion of it away due to it being spoilt.. By introducing JIT, the salon can keep customers happy as well as combat avoidable costs. 4. 4. 5S principles implementationAnother factor that can im prove customer service provided at the salon would be to reorganize the workspace by adopting the 5S lean implementation framework which would help the staff operate in a more orderly manner. The staff is directly customer facing so there is not a lot of scope to waste time locating the required goods to service the customer. 5. 0. Conclusion To conclude, though the business is currently at a good stable position in the market with a loyal customer base, there is scope for growth in terms of increased profits and new business which can only be enjoyed by Yellow Nails if it implements lean practices.The challenges which are currently faced comprising of turning away customers, long waiting time and wastage of stock can all be solved by incorporating the 5 principles of lean thinking, which include focusing on value of the customer, appreciating the value stream, concentrating on improved flow and perfecting quality. The business possesses some very strong attributes wherein some lean values can already be found such as the pull factor as staff is flexible in fulfilling customer requirement, and additional care is given to quality of service.However, there is still a gap in the model which is not allowing the business to perform at its full potential, and by tapping in to this area, going forward, Yellow Nails will be able to see substantial improvements. ? 6. 0. References †¢Abdi, F. et al. (2006) Glean Lean: How to use Lean approach in service industries?. Journal of Services Research, 6 p. 191-206. †¢Alsmadi, M. et al. (2012) A comparative analysis of Lean practices and performance in the UK manufacturing and service sector firms. Total Quality Management & Business Excellence, 23 (4), p. 81-396. †¢Bonaccorsi, A. et al. (2011) Service Value Stream Management (SVSM): Developing Lean Thinking in the Service Industry. Journal of Service Science and Management, 4 p. 428-439. †¢Bortolotti, T. and Romano, P. (2013) ‘Lean first, then automa te': a framework for process improvement in pure service companies. Production Planning & Control: The Management of Operations, 23 (7), p. 513-522. †¢Coote, P. and Gould, S. (2006) Technical Matters – Lean Management. Financial Management, p. 31-34 †¢Draghici, M. and Jenica Petcu, A. 2011) Knowledge Transfer – The Key to Drive Innovation for Service Organizations Excellence. Journal of Knowledge Management, Economics and Information Technology, (4), p. 44-53. †¢Maleyeff, J. (2006) Exploration of internal service systems using lean principles. Management Decision, 44 (5), p. 674-689. †¢Piercy, N. and Rich, N. (2009) High quality and low cost: the lean service centre. European Journal of Marketing, 43 (11/12), p. 1477-1497. †¢Slack, N. et al. (2011) Essentials of Operations Management. Harlow: Prentice Hall Financial Times, p. 1-318.

My Ideal Partner Life

An ideal husband would be a person who is an ideal companion. Does it appear that I am running around in circles? I hope it does not. Through the traditional role of a husband is different from that of a wife,the qualities of a person are not sex-oriented,they are person-oriented. What do I want in the person I marry? My list may be a long one but it is sound in its priorities. I want the man I choose as a husband to be generous,to have a sense of humor and to be trusting and trustworthly. I would like to build our relationship on affection and respect and on complete frankness. A tall order? Let me explain myself. Affection and respect put together are the essence of love. They are more durable than the euphoria of romantic love linked to physical attraction. It is true that beauty contributes a great deal towards life’s pleasantness,but unreflecting,unthinking beauty has nothing to recommend itself. Respect in relationship is very importand,and note I mean respect ,note awe or fear or any other feeling but respect which includes self-respect and can be stretched a long way to cover the crevices or feelings. I would like my future husband to be frank with me and to discuss financial,emotional and other problems with me. for if there is any ground on which I cannot thread, or any occasion when I find the door closed against me,or any time when whispered conversation take place,or papers and letters are kept away,or I look askance and don’t get a reply, then there a lies the beginning distrust and rift. A marriage is a companionship,it extends into old age and can mature into a relationship where words need not be exchanged and still complete understanding my exist. It is a relationship which cannot be built on lies or half-truths. When I use the word ‘frank’ I do not only mean emotional friendship through they too are included. Is it not more grateful that my friends of the days when I was not yet married be known to my husband than that I spring a surprise on him or leave him to work his imagination in different directions? Similarly I would like to know about my husband’s friends-men and women. Frankness should extend to all money matters. I should know (and so should be) what our economics position is. A marriage is the basic of family,it grows and matures and strengthens over the years. It cannot do so when the partner concerned pull in different directions. A home is aplace where on feels there should be uneasiness,no appearances to maintain, where one should feel free to express onself and one’s own true self. This is possible if there is some basic enerosity in the members of the family for generosity backs up the desire to understand,to be less critical and more forgiving in one’s approach. Don’t you know that a grim man is stern and unforgiving? There are numerous little problems which can be laughed away. At times this capacity to take things lightly,to see the funny side of an otherwise grim situation may cement a relationship much more than anything else. Laughter keeps one young. It is the best medicine. So let’s live and laugh togethe r.

An Exploratory Study Of Attitudinal And Behavioural †Free Samples

Leadership is crucial in every organization that exists today. A great leader can help a team reach the pinnacle of success. On the other hand, a bad leader can misguide the team and adversely impact the team’s performance (Kesidou & Carter, 2018). An effective leader must be capable to make sound decisions and earn respect. It is imperative to understand the leadership qualities that one possesses in order to ensure being a charismatic leader in the future. A good leader must always work towards finding the solution to a problem rather than the other way round. An optimistic leader can keep the morale of the teammates high and create a positive environment at the workplace (Goleman, 2017). It is important that the leader is optimistic to build trust, respect and motivate people to work hard. In the times of a crisis, an optimistic leader will not lose hope but rather motivate his team mates to stay positive and face the situation. For example: Steve jobs is the founder of a leading brand the Apple Inc. Steve Jobs has faced various issues in his entire lifespan. He was diagnosed with a life threatening illness. He was fired from his own organization and very often he did not have the means or resources to have an entire day’s meal. Despite all these adverse situations, he continued to positive and remained optimistic throughout. This helped him make the best out of every situation and such an attitude allowed him to make such a significant mark in the world.   A great leader must be visionary. It is important the leader’s eyes are set on the future and it is easy for him to anticipate what the future might hold. It is essential that the leader looks beyond the present and provides for a solution for future problems of the world. A visionary leader will always be better prepared for the future. Such an attitude helps leader introduce new technologies and set long term future goals. For Example: Elon musk is a true visionary leader. He works hard and builds technologies which have never been seen before. It is only his ability to see through the future and devise strategies that allow him to perform better than his competitors and stand apart. His visions for the world are a source of inspiration for many people across the globe. A charismatic leader automatically draws attention towards himself and creates a set of loyal followers. A charismatic leader is always easy to follow. There is something about a charismatic leader’s personality and aura that makes the leader different from the crowd. Such a leader finds it easy to motivate people and persuade them in the right direction. For Example: Narendra Modi is the current Prime Minister of India. He is a charismatic personality and when he announced his candidature for the Prime Ministerial elections in the country, there was no doubt that he would be elected by a majority vote. Through his charisma and flamboyance, he has participated in various international events, established relationships with many countries and attracted millions of investment in his country.   One of the most important aspects of a leader’s personality would always be the leader’s ability to make quick decisions. A leader would often be put in critical situation where he would have to make decisions on an urgent basis. The magnitude of the decision’s impact may also be massive. Therefore it is imperative that the leader possesses the ability to make quick decisions for himself and his team (Bolman & Deal, 2017). For Example: Dr. Raghuram Rajan who is a renowned economist and currently a professor at the University of Chicago. The man has served as a chief advisor for the IMF and has been the chief of the central bank of India. Raghuram Rajan has changed the face of Indian economy by taking crucial decisions of the country. He revived the interest rates, brought down inflation and this led to the growth of the Indian economy. Being a great leader automatically comes with abundant responsibility. There are a large number of followers who are associated with a great leader. Therefore it becomes the responsibility of the leader to be ethical and create an example in the society (Ciulla, 2014). This aspect is very crucial in order to ensure that no leader has a negative influence on the society. For Example: Ratan Naval Tata who is the founder of the TATA group of companies has not only created a storm by building a solid brand but has also redefined ethics by following the path of righteousness throughout his lifespan. The TATA group of companies has not been a part of any scandal and they have always taken great care to ensure the growth of their stakeholders. My biggest strength is that I am a highly optimistic person. I try to see the best in every situation. I remain positive and I try to spread that positivity across people. I have worked very hard to remain positive and even in terms of a crisis I put efforts to remain positive and handle the situation with optimism. I have always believed that I have a strong personality and I often easily become the center of attention in a group of people. I have worked hard to build this personality. This personality also makes it easier for me get an audience who will listen to me attentively. This has been possible due to many competitions that I have participated in.   As mentioned earlier, that in case of a crisis too, I find it easy to remain optimistic. Therefore it is easy for me to make quick decisions and handle any situation practically. I am easily able to perform a situational analysis of my current condition and find it easy to make a decision that deems to be most appropriate. I often find it difficult to focus on long term goals. My short term visions are very clear and I am of the opinion that I can only aim for the next goal once the goal at hand has been achieved. I need to build this skill in order to be a successful leader. I also find it difficult to remain ethical. I try to make the most profit out of a given situation and I strongly believe that some ends justify any means. This makes me get tempted towards doing unethical activities. However, I now make a deliberate effort to not get lured into the wrong direction. Culture is basically a group of people who have the same history, religion, beliefs, morale and knowledge. Culture holds a massive impact on the individual’s leadership skills. I come from India and here we are taught to give respect to people coming from different backgrounds. This is exactly what makes a positive person. I am empathetic in my behavior due to my respect and understanding of different people. This will positive impact my leadership skills. In the country, we have a massive population and we often have to adjust to the situations that are presented before us. Hence it makes me able to take decisions and see the best in every situation. Steve Jobs in the founder of the Apple Inc. He is an entrepreneur who has inspired millions of people with his innovation, optimism, decision making and effective leadership abilities. My biggest strength is my communication skills. I have always been good at communicating with people and making my voice heard. I try to establish deep relationships with people around me through my communication skills and it also helps me resolve conflicts as and when they arise. For example: Steve Jobs created a loyal team of followers through his oratory skills. Steve Jobs was invited to various universities to deliver speeches because they inspired millions of people. Every leader must have great communication skills (Fairhurst & Connaughton, 2014). These speeches are still available on YouTube and are a source of motivation for people. My next strength is my optimism and my ability to make the best out of every situation For example: Steve Jobs spent days without adequate resources, faced immense failure and criticism, was fired from his own company and even faced terminal illness but he continued to remain optimistic and turned every situation around to the best of his abilities. My weakness is my inability to be forgiving. For Example: Steve Jobs was betrayed by his own people and fired from a business that he started. However, after the establishment of Pixar, he accepted to work with Apple Inc. again. I need to learn this skill and work upon being more forgiving. It is important that one develops leadership qualities at an early stage as the future often presents people with various leadership opportunities. My reason behind working on my skills is to ensure that I become a great leader and leave a significant mark in the society. I need to work upon my ability to remain patient and not become aggressive. I often feel very possessive about myself and my team and I tend to become aggressive in discussions if I truly believe that I am right. I need to work on this skills to ensure better coordination with people in the future. I also need to be able to build long term goals and become a visionary to ensure that I can set long term goals for my team and bring in innovation. This will help me a gain an advantage over my competitors and I will be able to introduce something new in the world. Courses on leadership: In order to improve my leadership skills there are various courses that are available that can be taken. I will register myself for those course and work upon improving my skills. Books by role model: My role model is Steve Jobs and there are various books that have been written that include his journey as a leader. I would read those books and gain learning from the same. Revise goals: I will start working towards setting long term goals and will continue to revise these goals on a daily basis. This will help me get used to making a long term goals for myself and my team. I will also read various books to work on this and use planners to ensure setting a more strategic future goal. Meditate and read: In order to ensure that I remain ethical throughout my career I will work towards doing meditation and reading spiritual books that will help me and guide me in the right direction to remain ethical. External motivation: It is important for a leader to continue to remain positive and motivated. I will read various books and watch motivational videos to remain motivated and inspired throughout. Motivation is temporary and therefore it often requires to be fueled through external sources every now and then. Feedback: In order to consistently improve my leadership skills, I will take consistent feedback from my seniors, family members, peers and juniors. I will do my best to take all the feedbacks constructively and work towards the suggestions given to me. Experience is the best teacher and there is no learning that classrooms can give which experience cannot. Feedback from teachers and friends will help me improve my skills in the right direction and work towards improving upon my weaknesses. Online tests which test one’s leadership abilities are available in abundance throughout the internet. I will take these tests frequently and work upon the feedback received from these tests. Money: I would require money for taking classes and online tests. Time: I need to devote a considerable amount of time to work upon improving my skills Internet: This is required for me to take online tests Books: I would be reading books on leadership to enhance my skills. Bolman, L. G., & Deal, T. E. (2017).  Reframing organizations: Artistry, choice, and leadership. John Wiley & Sons. Ciulla, J. B. (Ed.). (2014).  Ethics, the heart of leadership. ABC-CLIO. Fairhurst, G. T., & Connaughton, S. L. (2014). Leadership: A communicative perspective.  Leadership,  10(1), 7-35. Goleman, D. (2017).  Leadership That Gets Results (Harvard Business Review Classics). Harvard Business Press. Kesidou, E., & Carter, S. (2018). Entrepreneurial leadership: an exploratory study of attitudinal and behavioral patterns over the business lifecycle.  International Review of Entrepreneurship. Getting academic assistance from

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Techniques available for Resource allocation and aggregation in Construction Project Management - Essay Example Resource management is more important in construction Management because common resources are utilized for different projects and it is essential that Project Scheduling be done keeping the resources availability into consideration. The project planning should be resource oriented scheduled. When we talk about resources for construction industry we will confine ourselves with human resources, financial resources and machinery and equipments. It is a common phenomenon that all projects suffer from resource constraint, abundant resources are not available at the disposal of the managers, nor is it desirable. The management skill lies with the optimum utilization of resources and that is possible only in case of resource constraints. Take example for an organization where simultaneously multiple projects are into operation, the available manpower, Machinery and Equipment needs to be properly deployed and needs to be planned along with the project plan so that same machineries can be used in all the projects. Skilled manpower also can be shared by the projects by simply proper planning of the projects. The activities of each of the projects needs to be scheduled in such a way that deployment of the skilled manpower and machinery is synchronized. The project scheduling exercise should include the resource scheduling also. Here we will first discuss the process of decision-making followed by the techniques available for resource allocation and aggregatio

The civil war Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

The civil war - Essay Example Then the South used slave labor as a mode of production. The invention of the cotton gin made cotton farming more profitable, making the South more reliant on slave labor and thereby further drawing a wedge between itself and the North. The North on the other hand gradually made a dereliction on agriculture and the countryside because of the Industrial Revolution. Factory work became more popular as New York, New Haven and Boston emerged as industrialized cities and thereby leading to mercantilism in the North’s economy. This economy was heavily reliant on the shipping industry and was more diverse, ethnically. This spurred technological advancements and emergence of new ideas, onwards. Constitutional convention At the time of the Revolution, two camps had emerged: those in favor of the federal government; and those in favor of the rights of the state. The US government had also been organized under the Articles of Confederation, after the American Revolution. As political and legal problems arose, the weakness of this type of government compelled leaders to assemble at the Constitutional Convention to secretly create the US Constitution. This development produced strong opposition from proponents of state rights like Patrick Henry and Thomas Jefferson, since they were absent in the meeting. Thomas Jefferson and his group felt that the new constitution undermined the right of the state to act independently, yet states should have the prerogatives of deciding the acceptance of certain federal acts. This development led to nullification, a legal provision whereby states would have to declare federal acts unconstitutional. The federal government denied these states these rights. Other proponents like John Calhoun fought relentlessly for nullification. When the clamor for nullification failed, some states felt that they were disrespected, and moved towards secession. This further created the rift between the North and South (Tindall and Shi, 72). Constitutio nal compromises Slavery as an institution was entrenched in America and its constitution, thereby bringing about critical problems to the 19th century US. Spates of compromises were made in the US Congress to stave off these problems, to hold the Union together, though every compromise4 brought about different problems. Free labor vs. slave labor While free labor solely depended on the will or consent of the slave to work, slave labor compelled the slave to work. Despite the responsibility that slave owner would take over the slave, there would be no guarantee that the slave would work for him in free labor settlement. For slave labor, there would be no reason for the slave not to work except sickness. Failure to work would readily invite punitive measures such as whipping and even death. The only alternatives for one providing slave labor would be escaping and/ or being set free. The issue of free labor vs. slave labor also threatened to split the South and North in that while the North supported free labor, the South supported slave labor. This disparity led to the emergence of Free and Slave states. 1820 Missouri Compromise The ideological rivalry over slavery between the North and South culminated into attempts at compromises. Particularly, the Missouri Compromise of 1820 became another way the North and Sou

Children's behaviour towards undiected recreational play Research Paper

Children's behaviour towards undiected recreational play - Research Paper Example A fact that is not often recognised is that play can even function as a type of therapy for children who suffer from behavioural problems. In the present world, children are exposed to numerous problems that affect them physically and psychologically. The rate of divorce has risen significantly across all nations. This means that children are increasingly being raised in single families, and having to live with the complex emotions that this triggers even though they do not have the capacity to process them. This can cause behavioural problems to arise even in the well-adjusted children. Children today are also exposed to greater levels of stress than their counterparts dealt with in past generations. Many parents today prefer for their children to entertain themselves indoors rather than exploring their surroundings outside. This is because parents tend to be committed to work activities outside the home, and so cannot supervise their children when they are outside school (Ohannessian 2014). Furthermore, parents and guardians today have more access to information through various media channels. This means that parents are more likely to think that their children are endangered due to the sheer numbers of child molesters, kidnappers, and drug traffickers that they imagine are walking through neighbourhoods. It is a fact that such miscreants existed in the past when children were allowed to play outside unsupervised; however, the parents of past generations may not have been exposed to information about child molesters on a regular basis. All children use play as a natural medium to express themselves. This means that when children have accumulated stress from family problems that they have no control over, they can actually play out their negative feelings. It is an established fact that undirected play is far more productive than directed play. This is because there are definite distinctions between child directed play and adult directed play.

Current methods for Cancer Stem Cell characterisation and isolation Essay

Current methods for Cancer Stem Cell characterisation and isolation - Essay Example Apart from achieving a 40-98% enrichment, this technique also produced spheres with enhanced tumorigenicity in immune-compromised mice [Ponti et.al. 2005]. Such a methodology has also been adopted for the enrichment of CSCs from brain [Singh et. al. 2003], bone sarcomas [Gibbs et.al. 2005], pancreas [Gou et. al. 2007], melanomas [Fang et. al. 2005] and colon [Ricci-Vitiani et. al. 2007]. The spheres produced in all these instances had a high level of surface markers that belong to the respective tumor initiators, namely CSCs. The exploitation of the sphere forming properties of CSCs for their enrichment in culture is considerably more preferable than using surface markers or SPs. In spite of its utility, the process of isolation of CSCs based on sphere formation has significant limitations, the biggest one of which is that they are a heterogeneous population, wherein, only a few cells undergo self-renewal [Ponti et. al. 2005]. Furthermore, upon immunofluorescence analysis of spheres obtained in prostrate cell lines, it has been found that these are heterogenous for CSC surface markers [Patrawala et. al. 2006]. Moreover, variation in sphere size, culture medium and the differences in employed techniques for enrichment also limit the success of the process, as shown in neurosphere cultures [Jensen & Parmar 2006]. The ALDH enzyme plays an important role in the conversion of aldehydes into weak acids. This reaction is vital for the generation of biologically active substances. The ALDEFLUOR assay is based on an enzymatic reaction that measures aldhehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH 1) activity. The detoxifying enzyme, ALDH 1, is responsible for the formation retinoic acid, a biologically active substance, from the oxidation of retinol. The enzyme ALDH1 is abundant in primitive hematopoietic cells and is expressed in the early

Five Forces Analysis of the Hospitality Industry Research Paper

Five Forces Analysis of the Hospitality Industry - Research Paper Example In the hospitality industry, there is a moderately low threat from suppliers. Many of the players in the industry contribute to the percentage of suppliers since they need to have access to quality supplies (Pizam, 2010). Mama’s can benefit from identifying reliable suppliers who provide quality goods since it intends to continue serving delicious meals to customers. Threat of BuyersIn the hospitality industry, buyers have a strong bargaining power because there is a very low switching cost between one restaurant and the other. Customers are well aware of the prices as well as the expected quality of products (Enz, 2010). For this reason, Mama's on Washington Square needs to develop strategies for addressing the threat of buyers in the industry.Threat of SubstitutesIn the hospitality industry, there is an increasing threat of substitutes. Many players are likely to provide customers with substitute products that are of similar quality to Mama’s and within the same price range. Therefore, customers would register a limited switching cost. There is a salient need for Mama’s to develop strategies for surviving in the highly competitive Industry.Ethnic Cuisine in the United StatesThere is an increasing demand for ethnic cuisine in the United States. Specifically, Asian cuisines are gaining popularity and slowly becoming part of the mainstream food. Therefore, the hospitality industry has to specialize in providing customers with a diverse range of ethnic cuisines.

Investigating into the factors that affect acceleration Essay Example for Free

Investigating into the factors that affect acceleration Essay I have chosen to investigate the affect changing the amount of force applied to an object has on acceleration. Hypothesis I predict that as the amount of force applied to the trolley increases, the acceleration will increase in direct proportion. I believe this will happen because according to Newtons Second Law, increasing the force increases the acceleration, provided the mass stays the same. Therefore, acceleration is directly proportional to the force applied. Fair Test Without fair testing the experiment would be useless because the information gathered would not be accurate or reliable. Here are the things we did to ensure our experiment was a fair test:   The distance travelled; the mass and weight of the trolley shall remain constant, as these are not the factors we will be changing.   The only thing we will change will be the force applied to the trolley. No force will be applied to the trolley when it is at the top of the runway, instead we will just let go of it and let gravity be the force.   When putting the trolley at the top of the runway we will make sure that the back wheels of the trolley are touching the ticker timer this way each experiment will start in the same place. We will test the trolley beforehand to ensure all wheels were working, because if one or more wheels are not working this could affect the speed/acceleration of the trolley. Safety Precautions As with all experiment, safety is crucial. Every experiment possesses some form of danger and through these guidelines I hope the risk of danger will be minimised:   Make sure the trolley is stopped before it reaches the end of the runway where the pulley is to prevent damage to trolley, runway or pulley. Make sure that when catching the trolley at the opposite end of the runway you are not in front of it before it reaches a halt as it could cause an injury Ticker Timer For this experiment we shall use a ticker-timer to record our results. A ticker-timer is a way of analysing the motion of objects. As the trolley moves, it drags the tape through the ticker timer, thus leaving a trail of dots, which were printed there by a vibrating metal bar running on an electric current, which hits a piece of paper fifty times a second. The analysis of a ticker tape will reveal if the object is moving with constant velocity or accelerating. This is how we hope to record the acceleration of our trolley. To get the results from the ticker timer tape, you need to divide the tape into five dot strips, this is because each five dots is equal to 0. 1 seconds. Preliminary Work Before the actual experiment took place, we decided to do some preliminary work. There was a chance that something could go wrong, for example, the trolley could hit the side of the runway, or the weights could fall off or the ticker timer would not be entirely accurate. So we gave the experiment a test run to make sure everything worked according to plan. The test run went smoothly and so we all agreed the experiment would be a success Prediction Graph Equipment   Runway   Trolley Metre Stick   Ticker Timer   Roll of ticker timer tape   Pulley   String   Weights Diagram Method First of all we collected all of the equipment. Then we placed the runway on a raised surface approx. a metre above the floor. Once this had been done, we prepared the ticker timer at the top of the runway. We did this by cutting ticker timer tape to 85 cm (We chose this length because the tape will be out of the ticker timer before the weights hit the floor). Next, we plugged the wires into the ticker timer in their rightful places and threaded the ticker-timer tape through the ticker timer. Then we placed the trolley at the top of the runway. We then stuck the ticker timer tape to the back of the trolley with tape. Next, we threaded a piece of string through the trolley and attached it to the pulley at the opposite end of the runway. To the end of this string we added different weights according to which experiment we were on. We started with 100g that is equal to 1 Newton in force. Then, on the count of three we simultaneously turned on switched on the mains, which activated the ticker timer and let go of the trolley, which caused it to roll down the runway. It rolled down the runway because the force of gravity acting on the weights pulled it. Once the ticker timer tape was out of the ticker timer we stopped the trolley to prevent it from hitting the pulley at the bottom end. We then switched off the ticker timer. We then labelled the piece of ticker timer tape to refer to when writing down our results. We then repeated this process for 200g, 300g, 400g, 500g, 600g, 700g, 800g, 900g and 1000g. Results Force = 1N Acceleration = (final speed start speed). Unfortunately, my graph has not turned out how I expected. The results show me that in my experiment the acceleration was not directly proportional to the force applied, which (in relation to my scientific research) should not be possible. The graph should be a straight diagonal line (as seen in my predicted graph) however mine was very varied, although it did follow a positive correlation, so we were on the right lines. Evaluation My results were not very accurate at all. I feel this is because there were a lot of factors that made it an unfair test despite my efforts to keep it fair. This could also be the reason why there are various anomalous results (it might be possible that all the results are anomalous! ) The factors that would have altered my results include: * Friction. The surface of the ramp caused friction because any type of grip on the surface could slow the trolley down. Also, the surface of the wheels could slow down the trolley because this is the affect of any type of traction provided by wheels. There is little we can do to create a friction-less workspace, but to keep it a fair test, we will keep the factors altering friction constant.   Air-resistance. As the trolley moves through the air the trolley pushes on the air and the air pushes back on the trolley making it speed up less (this is called action and reaction). Again, there is not much we can do about this, but if we were to do this experiment again we would keep the aerodynamics of the trolley constant. * Slight curve in runway. This makes a slightly bigger force act on the trolley as it goes downhill therefore it has a greater speed. Next time, we could ensure that the runway is completely flat to prevent unfair alterations to results.   The ticker timer would alter the result as well. Consider the fact that in every second the tape gets hit fifty times this must have had some affect on the results. Unfortunately I dont think we could change this were we to do the experiment again because with the equipment available to us there is nothing more accurate. Given more time, I would have liked to repeat each experiment up to five times, to ensure the results were fair -and to prevent the amount of anomalous results. Also, if I were to do it again, I feel that we could extend the experiment. Originally the aim was to find out the factors which affected acceleration. During this experiment we only altered the force and nothing else, it would be worthwhile to alter other things such as the mass of the trolley, the distance, the weight etc. It would be interesting to see if we could prove Newtons Second Law through other experiments using different trolleys. (His law states that acceleration is directly proportional to the force applied). For example, we have proved (to the best of our ability) that through using the trolley that we did Newtons Second Law does not work, but would it work for other trolleys?

Calorimetry Essay Example for Free

Calorimetry Essay The purpose of this experiment was to find the specific heat formation of magnesium oxide by combining the two heat reactants using Hess’s Law. The purpose was also to measure the delta T which was the final temperature minus the initial temperature of the solution. The claim made was, based on the expected heat formation value found in magnesium metal and hydrochloric acid, the experimental enthalpy was much closer to the expected value in comparison the magnesium oxide and hydrochloric acid. The equations used in this experiment were 1. MG(s)+2HCl(aq)= MgCl2(aq)+ H2(g) 2. MgO(s)+2HCl(aq)=MgCl(aq)+H2O(l) 3. H2(g) +1/2O2(g)=H2O(l). We combined the listed equations we cancelled certain values using Hess’s Law to form magnesium oxide, Mg(s)+1/2O2(aq)=MgO(s). The experimental heat formation of magnesium oxide is -467.684 kJ/mol. Based on the results found, using the correlation coefficient (R2) and the maximum value of temperature final (which was found to be 70.934) we found the correlation between the trend lines (expected) to the experimental. Based on the data found this information supported our claim. There may have been several errors in the experiment one error may have been the lack of recording on time, meaning the stop watch was started later in the reaction. Another reason for error was the lack of taking the first trials measurement forcing us to estimate a mass which through off the results of the experiment in a whole. The final reason for error was not all of the magnesium oxide that was measured was experimented. These error sources listed above, may cause numerous problems for example the estimated mass for the first trial cause the results to skew, giving us a large error percentage of -21% if this trial was taken out the error percentage would be much lower. The stop watch did not start at the same time of the experiment which may cause an increase in the error percentage as well; due to this fault the temperature final would be much higher. The last error was the loss of product (magnesium oxide); this interfered with the experiment for the reason that based on what was expected (-601.24 kJ/mol) and what was experimented -141.990 kJ/mol was a much lower value.

Circuit Protection and Utilisation of Electricity

Circuit Protection and Utilisation of Electricity Task 1 With the aid of suitable diagrams, describe in detail, the construction and operating principles of the following circuit breakers. Include in your description the advantages and disadvantages of each a) Oil circuit breaker An oil circuit breaker or OCB is a type of device which uses different kinds of oils as insulating materials/dielectrics in order to reduce the arc when activated. The circuit breaker will have two contacts that are forced to separate while being submersed in oil, the oil is there to evaporate any heat produced by the arc when the breaker is tripped. An OCB is made up of a metal tank to contain the oil and contacts, contacts for carrying the current and the oil which is the insulating material that stops an arc occurring. The operation of this type of breaker is simple, the contacts start off in the closed position so that the circuit is complete and when a fault occurs the contacts are then forced apart causing an arc to form. Sometimes an arc can emit heat which can damage the circuit and machinery, this is why we use the oil to evaporate the heat. The oil will be turned into gas(hydrogen) and then slowly displace any oil left, the arc will be extinguished when the contacts move fa r away from each other. The OCB contacts can sometimes get burnt when arcing has occurred and carbon can form in the area around the contacts. The carbon makes the oil lose dielectric strength and therefore means that the circuit breaker is less effective at breaking the current. The OCB needs to be drained and refilled when it has tripped, also the contacts need to be closely inspected for burning or carbon build up. There are two types of oil circuit breaker: Bulk Oil- This is a circuit breaker that requires larger amounts of oil so that the arc can be extinguished. These circuit breakers can also be known as dead tank'(Circuit globe, 2016) because the tank is positioned at ground potential. If the voltage is higher then more oil will be required as the arc will be stronger and harder to extinguish. Another use of this circuit breaker is to insulate all live parts in the breaker from the earth. Minimum Oil- This circuit breaker aims to use the minimum required oil that is possible, instead of extinguishing the arc completely using oil it also uses porcelain. The porcelain insulates the circuit breaker live parts from the earth. The chamber of the breaker is lined with bakelised (Circuit globe, 2016) paper, this paper has good mechanical and electrical properties. The tube moves vertically in order to break contact, when the contacts start to separate then oil is forced into the cylinder to reduce arcing. The advantages of OCBs: Due to the oil having a high dielectric strength'(Circuit globe, 2016) it can be used as insulation once the arc has been dealt with. The hydrogen produced due to the evaporation of the oil is good for cooling the device and diffusing. The oil creates a clearing in the conductors and the earth components. The disadvantages of OCBs: The oil is flammable which means that fires are able to be started with it. The oils dielectric strength decreases due to the carbon particles that pollute it. Since the tank isnt always air tight this leaves room for dangerous mixture of air which could result in explosive substances being created. -If the tank needed is large then it can be expensive. b) Vacuum interrupter A vacuum circuit breaker or VCB is a type of circuit breaker that uses a vacuum to extinguish the arc. This works best on weaker voltages, as higher voltages will be too strong to extinguish. The breaker can be made of steel and consists of a chamber which is the vacuum interrupter, the material for the contacts needs to be perfect as otherwise there wont be an effective connection. The application of this type of circuit breaker is to switch HV devices, they are as effective as SF6 breakers which have a big chance of leakage. The reason it is better than other circuit breakers is because when the contacts separate inside the vacuum they have a greater dielectric strength which builds up so that it is thousands of times higher than normal circuit breakers. Advantages to a VCB: Since there isnt any material or substance inside the chamber theres no risk of fire They have a good service life as they have minimal parts Due to the fact that it doesnt use harmful gases or substances it is safer for people to work on and for the environment. The replacement and maintenance is much easier. they can be used repeatedly. There are no gases inside which means that there is no room for gas emission leakage. Disadvantages to a VCB: when the vacuum has been damaged, failed to extinguish the arc or loses the vacuum it cant be repaired on site. This is due to the complex design and conditions that it needs to be fixed. the vacuum interrupter will need surge suppressors (Hub pages, January 2 2014) that are in parallel with the phase interrupters with low currents. they are uneconomical if only small quantities are being made c) HRC liquid fuse A HRC liquid fuse is a high voltage fuse which have a relatively high current rating and breaking capacity. This means that the fuse can be used in some high voltage applications, high voltage fuses need specific designs so that they can handle it without breaking. There are two types of HRC fuse: Liquid type HV HRC fuse: This type of fuse is filled with a fluid called Carbon tetrachloride (Circuit globe, 2016) and they can be used for a large number of high voltage applications. They can protect circuits that have a 400 A rating or higher, their breaking capacity is around 6100 A when used on a circuit with a 33KV supply. This fuse is made up of a glass tubing filled with the above fluid and it has brass caps on either end. There is also a fuse link which gets fixed to one of the caps and then the other end is attached to a bronze spiral fixed onto the other cap. When the limit of current is exceeded then the fuse link will be blown, this will retract the spring so that it hits a liquid detector. When the arc is created and extinguished a small quantity of gas will be produced, fuses arent normally used as the first protective method for a circuit. The circuit will have other circuit breakers, if the circuit breakers fail then the fuse will blow. Advantages: cheaper than other circuit protecting devices -Maintenance is not required Is able to be used in high and low voltage applications The operation/breaking of the fuse is automatic Disadvantages: the fuse needs be rewired or replaced when blown the fuse can sometimes have tripping time issues when dealing with different voltages. Cartridge type HV HRC fuse: This type of fuse is very similar to low voltage fuses however there is a specific component that makes it effective at extinguishing high voltage arcs. The only difference in the design I that the wire is wound into a ring shape so that the corona effect can be avoided, the corona effect is the ionization of a fluid surrounding a conductor that is electrically charged (wiki user, 2016). some applications may require two fuses to be put in parallel, one of them will have a low resistance and the other a high resistance so that the low resistance will blow first and slightly reduce the stress on the circuit when it breaks. This type of fuse can be used up to 33kv as they have a breaking capacity of about 8,760 A. Advantages: They dont deteriorate over time They have a high speed of operation No maintenance is required It is cheaper than other methods They can be used for both high and low voltage applications Disadvantages: After it has blown it must be replaced when an arc occurs it produces heat energy which means that it is a fire hazard and can damage some of the components inside d) HRC expulsion fuse This type of fuse uses gases produced by the arc and its lining to extinguish the arc, it also is vented to let the gas out. The fuse link can be surrounded by liquid which turn into gas such as boric acid (Wiki User, 2016) when the fuse is blown the heat from the arc will make the boric acid change into gas. The gas will then quickly extinguish the arc, the gas also will explosively burst out the ends of the fuse and this is the reason they must only be used outside. There is usually a type of pin so that you can manually blow all three phases in case only one had gone. This fuse can be used with very high amperage as well as low voltage. Advantages: No maintenance is required Cheaper than other types of circuit breaker Simple installation Disadvantages: Can be dangerous when blown as there is an explosive part in the process Damage to other devices may occur if they are in close vicinity to the fuse at time of breaking Needs to be replaced and repaired when blown Task 2 Produce suitably labelled diagrams and produce a detailed explanation of the principles of operation of an inverse definite minimum time relay. An inverse definite minimum time relay AKA IDMT relay is a circuit protection device that consists of an upper electromagnet which has two windings, There is a primary and a secondary. The primary winding is attached to the current transformer that is on the line that is in need of protection and has eight tappings. The tappings are connected to a plug which sets the bridge by the number of turns that will be used, the settings then can be adjusted so that required current setting can be achieved. The secondary winding is then energized by the induction effect and is wound over the limb in the middle of the upper electromagnet, it also spreads over the limbs of the lower electromagnet. There is a disc which has flux leakages, the flux leakage comes from the upper electro magnet and it is in phase with a disc on the lower electromagnet. Te disc has a spindle which has a moving contact that connects two of the fixed contacts when it has rotated into a certain position. The setting of t his position or angle varies, it can vary from 0 to 360. This device operates during overload conditions, when over current occurs this device will protect the circuit from any damage that may be caused. An 11 kV three phase system develops a 159 MVA line to line short circuit. The system is protected by a scheme using 500/1 ratio Current Transformer rated at 5 A and IDMT relays. Determine the operating time for the relays if the time multipliers were set to 0.45 s and the plug setting was 120 %. IDMT relay current characteristic curve Task 3 Describe with the aid of diagrams the importance of properly earthing equipment. With the aid of diagrams describe the following methods of earth fault protection: Earth fault relay. Residual current device. Use examples of earth fault protection at your place of work. a) There are many risks within my workplace however one of the main risks is electricity, it is very important that I am protected from this risk as it can cause severe injury or fatality. To ground something means to attach a path for the electrical current to return to the ground safely. This will stop the current using us as paths, when a short circuit occurs the current will find the easiest way back to the ground. There are a few main reasons for grounding all electrical equipment: Prevent Damage to equipment, injury or death This is the most important reason in my opinion as it will literally protect our lives. The most important aspect to work is safety which means making all equipment safe for use, we do this by earthing it and doing PAT testing. PAT testing (Portable appliance testing) is in place to make sure that the equipment works and will not hurt or damage itself/others. Electricity is very dangerous and can arc if not earthed or correctly encased, it can cause death and injuries which could affect the rest of someones life. Electrical overload protection this means that it will protect us from any surges that may occur, this could be a surge in current or perhaps a lightning strike. If the equipment is earthed then the surge will go straight into the ground, if however it isnt then it would go into whatever was in contact with the equipment. Direction of electricity- The electricity will have a clear, safe path to the ground which means it is much safer for people to use the equipment. The current will be able to move safely and efficiently throughout the system without risk of hurting or damaging the circuit/person using it. Stabilization of voltage levels Grounding also makes sure that all the currents and power are distributed around the circuit to their proper places. This means that there is little room for over current and the circuit being broken, it provides a reference point for the voltage sources in the circuit system. The earth is the best conductor the earth is a very good conductor, the electricity which is trying to get to earth will also take the route with the least resistance. This is why we are perfect for connecting the appliance to the earth, grounding the system will give the electricity a better path. Grounding can be done individually at peoples houses by use of a metal rod or extendable metal pipe that runs into the house from the underground water supply. There are different types of Earthing/Grounding: Plate type- this is a method where a small metal plate is buried no more than 3 meters below the housing, it is connected to piping which is then connected to the houses service panel. Pipe type- the pipe or rod will have a set of terminals that copper conductors can connect to, the copper conductors then will be put into the service panel for the house, this would ground the houses electrical appliances. Strip/Wire Earthing- These are used between casings of metal equipment to earth/ground the device or machinery. It can be attached from the casing to another piece of metal that goes into the ground. b) i) Earth Fault Relay A relay is a device that is able to detect unordinary conditions within the system, it enables the correct circuit breakers to trip when over current is detected. Most relays operate with the induction principle, this means that when the relay operates its contacts are closed in the circuit and the passage of current within the coil in the trip circuit activates a plunger. The plunger then will activate the appropriate circuit breaker to trip, this means that the area of fault in the system is disconnected safely. This type of relay is basically there to trip the circuit breaker if there is a fault with the earthing pathway, this could be damaged cable or a build up in resistance causing excessive current. The induction principle consists of moving parts such as an aluminium disc fixed onto a shaft and this rotates on two bearings between the poles of an electromagnet and damping magnet. The electromagnet gets wound and has seven taps. The seven taps are on the front of the panel, th e tap that is required can be chosen by pushing in the plug. There is a setting called the pick-up current which can be varied via the use of a plug multiplier. The pick-up current values of earth fault relays are normally quite low. ii) Residual current device- A residual current device AKA an RCD is an electrical device that breaks a circuit when it senses that the current is unbalanced or overloaded between the line and neutral conductors. These devices are more effective at keeping the operator safe than fuses and circuit breakers are, they will prevent fatalities if someone were to touch a live part. They do this as they are highly sensitive and will switch off electrically if there is any fault. They make sure that the circuit is switched off if it detects electricity flowing down a wrong path, this could be caused by a cut or damaged wire coming into contact with something other than the severed cable. There are a few types of RCDs: Fixed- This device is used in consumer units and will protect a group of circuits or individual ones if that is what is required. It will protect anything in the circuit including any appliances attached to the circuit, the fixed RCD will offer a very quick protection from fatality or severe injury. Portable- This device is able to be plugged into the socket and will protect the equipment, lead and person touching the equipment. However it wont protect the whole circuit, if someone were to touch another part of the circuit they may still get electrocuted. Socket-outlet- This is basically a socket with a built in RCD, it can be used as a regular socket would be. It doesnt protect the whole circuit, it will protect the equipment plugged in and the leads, as well as the person touching the equipment. References: Circuit globe (2016) Oil Circuit Breaker [online] Available: http://circuitglobe.com/oil-circuit-breaker.html [Accessed: 21/12/2016] http://hubpages.com/technology/Vacuum-Circuit-Breakers-Advantages-Disadvantages https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corona_discharge https://www.mepits.com/tutorial/472/Electrical/Electric-Fuse http://www.cooperindustries.com/content/dam/public/bussmann/Electrical/Resources/solution-center/technical_library/BUS_Ele_Tech_Lib_Fuses_E_Rated.pdf http://www.platinumelectricians.com.au/blog/importance-grounding-electrical-currents/ http://www.electricaltechnology.org/2015/05/earthing-and-electrical-grounding-types-of-earthing.html http://www.allinterview.com/showanswers/90014/what-is-idmt-relay-how-it-works.html http://cindulkar.tripod.com/lab13.pdf http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_V-3cYkoldmE/TTLWpEI7kUI/AAAAAAAAAv4/uSyL0qypAKw/s1600/power+system+protection+13.png http://www.itmikro.com/app/webroot/UploadedContent/images/pro_3_1.png http://www.electricalsafetyfirst.org.uk/guides-and-advice/electrical-items/rcds-explained/

Hemingways Personal Life and its Influence on his Short Story, Hills L

Hemingway's Personal Life and its Influence on his Short Story "Hills Like White Elephants" "Hills like White Elephants" is not the normal story where you have a beginning, middle and end. Hemingway gave just enough information so that readers could draw their own conclusions. The entire story encompasses a conversation between two lovers and leaves the reader with more questions than answers. Ernest Hemingway was a brilliant writer. People that study Hemingway's works try to gain insight and draw natural conclusions about Hemingway and his life. Hemingway led a difficult life full of martial affairs and misfortune. Some of these experiences have set the foundation for Hemingway's greatest works. This essay will analyze the influence that Hemingway's separation from Pauline and divorce from Hadley had on "Hills like White Elephants." Before authoring "Hills like White Elephants," Hemingway had been residing in Paris with his wife Hadley and son, Bumby. During their stay in Paris, Hadley and Ernest Hemingway met a woman named Pauline Pfeiffer. Pauline was more of a friend to Hadley than Hemingway was. Pauline did not think much of Hemingway at first, she thought he was lazy and a no-doer. Later Pauline and Hemingway fell in love and had an affair. Once Hadley knew of their affair, Hemingway requested a divorce. Hadley agreed under one condition, Hemingway and Pfeiffer had to separate for 100 days. After the 100 days if they were still in love, then Hadley would grant the divorce (Baker 174). This separation period left an indelible effect on Hemingway's life and works. During this separation, Hemingway began a collection of short stories titled "Men without Women." Hemingway explained, "The title was an indication that all... ...writing this story to fully understand it. This story supplies the reader with insight into Hemingway's personality and controversial theme. Works Cited Baker, Carlos Heard. Ernest Hemingway: A Life Story. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons.1969. Benedictus, Luke. "Those Literary Lushes." The Age Company Ltd. August 2002. 23 Feb. 2003. http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2002/08/13/1029113928191.html Scribner, Charles III. 2000 Cable News Network. 15 Feb. 2003. http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/books/1999/hemingway/stories/biography/part1/index.html. Stanford, Judith A. Responding to Literature: Stories, Poems, Plays, and Essays. New York: McGraw-Hill.2003. Webster, Deanna. [Education Coordinator] Hemingway-Pfeiffer Museum and Educational Center. 15 Feb. 2003. http://hemingway.astate.edu/paulinebio.html.

The Second Noble Truth of Buddhism :: essays research papers fc

The Second Noble Truth - â€Å"Samudaya" The Truth of the Origin or the Cause of Suffering According to the philosophy of Buddhism is the Second Noble Truth : "Samudaya", the truth of the origin or the cause of suffering. Buddhists also believe that the origin of suffering is `attachment'. The Second Noble Truth invites us to understand the principle, that the origin of suffering is attachment to transient things and the ignorance thereof. Transient things do not only include the physical objects that surround us, but it also encompasses ideas, and, in a greater sense, all objects of our perception. Perhaps it could be said that ignorance is the lack of understanding of how our mind is attached to impermanent things. Some of the reasons for suffering are, desire, passion, pursuit of wealth and prestige, striving for fame and popularity, or in short: craving and grasping. We create our own suffering through our egotistical craving and desires. Because the objects of our attachment are impermanent their loss maybe inevitable and so suffering will follow. The Second Noble Truth has three aspects of attachment to desires. These three types of desire are the desire for sensual pleasure (kama tanha), the desire to become (bhava tanha) and the desire to get rid of (vibhava tanha). It is human nature to want more, more of what we like and to have better than what we have. This desire is not just for ourselves but for our children and the people we care about. It is in these desires that we can find the source of our suffering. We crave for the formation of states or realms of being that are not currently happening. As human beings we believe that the way of happiness is through sensual pleasure. We have five senses which respond to the world and through which we enjoy a lot of pleasure. For example we obtain great pleasure from the taste of food, viewing lovely sights, the feeling of a sea breeze or sexual pleasures. It is said that trying to satisfy our craving for pleasant experiences is like drinking saltwater when thirsty: it only increases our thirst. Even by means of the sixth sense in Buddhism, there is great pleasure to be had in fantasies and mental states of excitement, infatuations and so on. Our technological society extends all types of ways to extend our sensual pleasure, from viewing and listening to DVD’s, CDs, TVs and many other high-tech options.

The Evolution of High Heels Essay -- Fashion

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Descriptive Paper – Peanut Butter Sandwich

Juan Restrepo Mr. Miramonti English IV P. 7 November 10, 2010 Peanut Butter and banana Sandwich on Toast I’m standing in front of the refrigerator and I opened the refrigerator, I instantly saw the bread and reached for it with my right hand. I then closed the refrigerator with my left hand. I walk three steps to the right and put the bread down on the counter. I reach up with my right hand and open the cabinet. I see the peanut butter and reach for it with my right hand and I sit it down on the counter. I close the cabinet with my left hand. I turn to the right and take one step forward.I get to the counter and reach for a banana. I turn back around and take one step back. I put the banana on the counter next to the peanut butter and bread. I then tale half a step back and open the drawer that holds knifes. I reach for a butter knife and a sharp knife with my right hand. I shut the drawer with my left hand. I then take a step forward and put two knifes on the counter. I open up the bread with my left hand. I reach in with my right hand and take out two slices. I then take two pieces of bread, one in my right hand and one in my left and put them in the toaster.While I’m waiting I look up and open the cabinet with my right hand. I grab a plate with my left hand and set it down on the counter. I shut the cabinet with my right hand. By now the toast is ready. I grab each piece of bread, one with my left hand and one with my right hand, and put them on the plate. I then pick up the peanut butter with my left hand and open it up with my right hand. I pick up the butter knife with my right hand and dip it in the peanut butter. I pick up a piece of bread with my left hand and I spread the peanut butter on the bread.I put the bread down on the plate. I turn to the right and take two steps forward and put the knife in the sink. I turn back around and take two steps back to the food. I pick up the banana with my right hand and peel it with my left hand. I p ut the banana on my plate. I turn around and take two steps forward I throw the banana peel in the trash with my left hand. I turn back around and take two steps two steps back to my food. I pick the banana up with my left hand and set it on the counter. I grab the sharp knife with my right hand and start to slice the banana.After I’m done with slicing, I put down the sharp knife. I pick up the pieces one by one with my right hand and put them on the slice of bread with the peanut butter. I pick up the piece of bread without anything on it with my right hand. I place it on top of the slice of bread with everything on it. I pick up the plate with my right hand. I turn to the left and walk nine steps to the table. I set the plate down on the table. I pull the chair out with my right hand and sit down. I grab the sandwich with both hands and enjoy me delicious sandwich

Desperate Air

What would I do if I was in George Nash’s position as Vice President of Real Estate at Desperate Air Corporation (a company in dire financial straits), and my pending sale of Florida property potentially had toxic waste buried beneath the surface. I found this to be the least challenging question posed thus far in terms of my own ethical beliefs. In this instance I would proceed with the sale without disclosing the information regarding what I had heard about the toxic waste. Clearly Florida law states that you do not have to disclose that there is a hazardous substance on commercial property as long as there is not a fraudulent statement about the property. Nash did his due diligence by hiring someone to do an environmental study. The company hired found nothing and a report was submitted to the buyers. Nash also consulted his attorney about what should be disclosed. Fledgling, the company purchasing the property, had the responsibility of performing their own due diligence. While a representative walked the property and found nothing, the article did not state whether or not Fledgling did a full environmental study as well. That should have been part of the purchaser’s process. If you purchase a home it is your responsibility to hire an impartial building inspector to look at your home and report on its condition. The Fledgling representative had the same responsibility to obtain an impartial environmental study. Had the representative done so, they probably would have discovered the toxic waste. It doesn’t matter that the DAC report did not include the disclosure. Unfortunately Fledglings representative was at fault here in my opinion. The fact that Nash prayed about the situation shows that he is not a cold hearted capitalist with only selfish motivations. Similarities between â€Å"Desperate Air† and the Seglin article are that two executives had to make choices that they believed would prevent their companies from potential financial ruin. Although I believe there are differences in the level of disclosure (I believe the CEO of the aircraft company had a financial responsibility to disclose his findings to the auditors), the process of deciding what to disclose is similar. Both parties consulted their attorneys whose guidance instructed them that they did not have to disclose the information. The motivating factor in both decisions was to protect the livelihood of their companies. The facts of the information that had been revealed to each company had not been proven. Had Nash followed the RDCAR process I believe the outcome of his decision may have been different. Nash did not go through the process of recognition. There was no survey of stakeholders. He did not even disclose the findings to his CEO. There was no chance to find out if withholding the toxicity information was something that would make other staff members uncomfortable. Nash did not engage in discovery. There was no attempt to build internal and external transparency. Fledgling did not have the opportunity to react to the information. There was a possibility that the sale would not have progressed if the information on toxic waste had been disclosed. It may have only delayed the sale, but there was no way to find that out. There was no cognition. No one in DAC management or any other DAC staff was presented with a â€Å"what would you do? scenario that would have spelled out company values. No policy or action was put into place to deal with the situation. The only action taken was that Nash consulted an attorney. Nash did reflect on the decision, but no one else in the company had the opportunity to do so. Due to the fact that there was no legal reason to disclose the information of toxic waste to Fledgling, and the fact that they failed to do their own due diligence, in this instance I would agree with Nash’s decision to proceed with the sale in order to help protect the financial position of DAC.

Marketing Mix of the Berocca

1. 0 Abstract In this report, the aim was to analyze the marketing mix of Berocca according to our group’s survey and questionnaires. Marketing mix includes product, price, place and promotion. In terms of the survey and questionnaires, some results were givens and analyzed. In addition, some personal suggestion will be presented. 2. 0 Introduction Berocca is a brand of effervescent drink and vitamin tables, the tables contain comprehensive vitamin B group and vitamin C. At first, Berocca was made by the Roche Pharmaceuticals, but in 2005 Bayer’s global acquired the Roche Consumer Health and Berocca is made by Bayer. Berocca is the NO. 1 multivitamin brand grocery trade with 49% market share in 2009. † (Nielson, 2009) It is popular around the world, such as the Unite Kingdom, the Unite States, the European Union and China. In this report, the marketing mix of Berocca has been analyzed detailedly from product, price, place and promotion. Some results have been analyzed based on our group questionnaires. From the questionnaire, our group calculated some data. In terms of the data, the consequences were found clearly. Additionally, the report’s main points will be concluded and the personal recommendations will be given. 3. 0 MethodologyDue to achieve the research of Berocca from 4Ps, Rina, Shupeng, Beverly and me, we made up a group. We surveyed on the internet and in the university library. Furthermore, we discussed together and made a questionnaire with 11 questions. Then we did the questionnaires at the bus station outsides the Brent Cross. We did 30 questionnaires.4. 0 The results and analyses of Berocca marketing mixIn this section, according to the questionnaires the Berocca marketing mix will be analyzed and our group made some diagrams based on the questionnaires, we got some data, in terms of the data the results will be concluded.4. 1 Product Product means the goods-and-services combination the company offers to the target market. (Kotler and Armstrong, 2010) According to the question 8, Why do you buy Berocca? [pic] This is about the functions of product. Berocca effervescent tables contain many kinds of vitamin, such as vitamin B and vitamin C. These vitamin are all good for health, they can boost immune system. If you always work hard, when you feel tired, you can drink it, as a result, the tables can help you become more energy, therefore, you may work well and improve efficiency.Referring to the bar diagram, the people who are in different age category, they buy Berocca main because Berocca is good for health and to work well. Few people just want to taste. 3 under 18 people have bought Berocca for good taste. Between 20-30 ages, the number of people wants to taste is the same as people want to work well. The quantity of people buys it for health is one more than others. Between 30 and 40 age, 14 people are willing to buy Berocca, there are 8 people buying Berocca due to want to work well. Just 3 people of 50 plus bought Berocca for healthy.The reasons why most adults bought Berocca are the people are working and studying hard, they need more energy to work well. When they feel tired, they drink it, so they may be full of power to work and work efficiently. They drink Berocca also can improve immune system. They need more vitamins because they work too much, Berocca is good for health.4. 2 Price Price is the amount the consumer must exchange to receive the offering. (Solomon et al, 2009) It is based on question 7. What do you think of the price? [pic] This is about the price of product. Every bottle of Berocca is sold in stores bout ? 5. Personal idea, it is a little expensive. Maybe its bottle materials and production process cost much more. As a result, the price of Berocca is a little expensive. According to the bar chart, the majority of people think the price of Berocca is average. The number of people who think the price is cheap is the same as the quantity of people who think the price is expensive. In the adults, there are 20 people think the price is average. It occupies two thirds in 30 people. It is obvious that most adults will buy Berocca and they think the price is average.Because most adults have a stable income and most tim e they work hard, they need Berocca much more than young people.4. 3 Place Place includes company activities that make the product available to target consumers. (Kotler and Armstrong, 2010) Referring to the question 6, Where do you usually but Berocca? [pic] This is about the place where sell Berocca effervescent stables. They most distribute in Supermarkets and all kinds of pharmacies. Consequently the Berocca’s target markets are adults. In terms of the graph, there are 12 people bought Berocca in Tesco, most people bought it in pharmacies. People under 18, only 3 bought it.There are 27 people who the age over 20 buying Berocca. It is based on the results, the reason why Berocca is sold in supermarket and pharmacies. Because in most situations, the majority of adults will buy daily necessaries and medicines in supermarkets and pharmacies. In terms of the results, they show us clearly, most adults will buy Berocca and they buy the products in Supermarkets and various pharma cies. Adults need the Berocca much more than young people.4. 4 Promotion Promotion includes all of the activities marketers undertake to inform consumers about their products and to encourage potential customers to buy these products. Solomon et al, 2009) According to the question 4, How do you know Berocca? [pic] There are many kinds of methods promoting a product. For example, advertisements are obvious one of the methods, such as TV, magazine and internet. The reason why Berocca make more advertisements, because with the development of technique more and more people use computer, Berocca through putting the advertisements on the websites to promote its products. People may often work hard and enjoy themselves on the internet. It is a good promotion based on internet. It can be seen form the histogram, there are 13 people find Berocca on the internet. people know this product from TV. Just few people know Berocca from the magazine. At last, there are 5 people know Berocca from oth er ways. Most adults know this product. These numbers illustrate people who often work with computer knows more about Berocca than young people under 18. When they work hard, they may survey on the internet, in addition, they may find the advertisements of Berocca. Berocca’s functions are good for health and help people work well. When they feel tired, they will buy it and have a try. Consequently the purpose of Berocca promotion will be achieved.5. ConclusionIn conclusion, referring to the analyses of Breocca marketing mix, it is obvious that Berocca have a good marketing. Firstly, Berocca make most people know the product of function. Secondly, Berocca sell its products at the correct place and the products correspond with the right people who are adults. Thirdly, it is successful to promote its products. Berocca know people work hard and use computers, it catches the emphasis, when people feel tired and need more energy, they see the advertisements, and they will buy Beroc ca. Personally, I think Berocca should add more promotions.For example, it can sell products as any 2 for ? 8. Because the price is a bit high for most people who are working hard and having a normal incomes. When people meet some festivals such as Christmas, Berocca can decrease directly the price, they can sell more products. All in all, if Berocca do more promotions, it may be more successful and achieve the goals easier.6. 0 Reference‘BEROCCA FIZZES WITH A NEW EXOTIC FLAVOUR' 2009, Checkout, 35, 9, p. 76.Marketingteacher. com (2012) Marketing mix. [Online] [Accessed: 27/08/2012].7. 0 AppendicesThe questionnaire and charts