Some Companies Prohibit Their Employees from Facebook or Twitter

Social websites have been developing rapidly and become an important part of most people’s lives. They help people enlarge a huge web of relationships, stay connected with others from all over the world, and relax hours to hours at a minimal cost. However, some companies prohibit their employees from accessing social websites for a couple of reasons. First of all, prohibiting social websites at work facilitates companies to protect from the danger of information leakage. Some users of social websites such as Face-book or Twitter usually send links to their friends to share interesting news or funny video clips. Being aware of this, hackers start to make friends with the employees using Face-book or twitter, and then send them links, which probably contain viruses or spywares. If they succeed, those hackers will be able steal all of the secret information and new business strategies of the company. It is obvious that employers do not want their company’s secret plans lost, so the banning of social websites at work is an essential measure. The next reason for banning social websites at work is to maintain company’s image. Some companies, such as service companies, have a huge number of customers transacting every day. Read also Twitter Case Study If the customers accidentally see the employee’s screens being full of his personal pictures or commenting boxes of Face-book, they are likely to think that this company is a poor-quality company which is not strict or does not know how to train their staff. They do not rely on this company anymore; therefore, this company probably loses its prestige. The image is one of the most important standards determining the company’s success; thus, prohibiting social websites is very necessary. Productivity is also a good reason for prohibiting social websites at work. Doing two things at the same time, chatting and working, makes employees be pretty much distracted. Decreasing productivity is inevitable. For example, an accountant is working on some figures, but sometimes she stops to access Face-book to chat with her friends or upload her pictures. How can she be sure of the accuracy of the figures, which requires a high level of concentration while she is busy thinking about the appearance of a new friend, such as a hot guy, or about the comments on her photos? As a result, not only her work falls behind but also the company progress is delayed. Therefore, companies prohibit social websites at work. In brief, social websites have become a popular tendency in the world day by day. However, many companies prohibit their employees from logging into Face-book or twitter because they want to prevent the risk of information leakage, to save time for work, and to obtain the best labor productivity. This is a very important and necessary policy; therefore, it probably be applied at many companies soon. If you are a Face-book or twitter addict, and on the way looking for a job, you had better think twice before accessing a social website.

History of Management Information System Essay

A management information system (MIS) provides information which is needed to manage organizations efficiently and effectively. Management information systems involve three primary resources: people, technology, and information or decision making. Management information systems are distinct from other information systems in that they are used to analyze operational activities in the organization. Academically, the term is commonly used to refer to the group of information management methods tied to the automation or support of human decision making, e. g. decision support systems, expert systems, and executive information systems. Kenneth and Jane Laudon identify five eras of MIS evolution corresponding to five phases in the development of computing technology: 1) mainframe and minicomputer computing, 2) personal computers, 3) client/server networks, 4) enterprise computing, and 5) cloud computing. The first (mainframe and minicomputer) era was ruled by IBM and their mainframe computers, these computers would often take up whole rooms and require teams to run them, IBM supplied the hardware and the software. As technology advanced these computers were able to handle greater capacities and therefore reduce their cost. Smaller, more affordable minicomputers allowed larger businesses to run their own computing centers in-house. The second (personal computer) era began in 1965 as microprocessors started to compete with mainframes and minicomputers and accelerated the process of decentralizing computing power from large data centers to smaller offices. In the late 1970s minicomputer technology gave way to personal computers and relatively low cost computers were becoming mass market commodities, allowing businesses to provide their employees access to computing power that ten years before would have cost tens of thousands of dollars. This proliferation of computers created a ready market for interconnecting networks and the popularization of the Internet. As the complexity of the technology increased and the costs decreased, the need to share information within an enterprise also grew, giving rise to the third (client/server) era in which computers on a common network were able to access shared information on a server. This allowed for large amounts of data to be accessed by thousands and even millions of people simultaneously. The fourth (enterprise) era enabled by high speed networks, tied all aspects of the business enterprise together offering rich information access encompassing the complete management structure. The fifth and latest (cloud computing) era of information systems employs networking technology to deliver applications as well as data storage independent of the configuration, location or nature of the hardware. This, along with high speed cellphone and wifi networks, led to new levels of mobility in which managers access the MIS remotely with laptops, tablet pcs, and smartphones.

Anti-trust Law Case Study

Anti-trust Law Case Study Landmark: Antitrust Case Study Question 1: Write a 100- word abstract of the case, including the date of the case The essay gives a brief analysis and review of a case in which the government of the United States led to the U.S. Supreme Court. This is the defense of the claim appeal 384 U.S. competition 270 presented by the U.S. government against VON Grocery Co. (Von) in 1966 in the District Court of the United States for the Southern District of California No. 303. Duration was March 22, 1966 and the delivery of a verdict was the May 31, 1966. It was in favor of the defendant. This just reminded demand, government regulators were ignoring situations that occur within its jurisdiction. It was despite his knowledge of the changing developments in market structures that controlled processes. Government regulators failed to switch to a relaxed mood compared to previous legislative procedures necessary reacted to the threats and opportunities of his time. As a result, this led to the p revention of unfair trade practices or disposal of similar economic activities of small-scale business. Key words: VON’S GROCERY CO, 384 U.S. 270, Shopping Bag Food Stores and 7 of the Clayton Act. Question 2: Describe the provision of the US Antirust Law invoked to judge the presence of anti-competitive behavior or potential of for moving the industry in that direction. The 1960 merger of Von Grocery Company with competitor Shopping Bag Food Stores (Shopping Bag) whose locations are in Los Angeles, California violated Section 7 of the Clayton Act (n. P Thomson Reuter). Its amendment in 1950 regulates the reasonable termination through the prohibition of mergers and acquisitions, which decreased competition. Even after a new amendment in 1980, remains the main reference point for antitrust law mergers that threatened the United States (Fox CR4, CR8 and HHI, specially in cases of mergers. The claim of the United States had other modifications as support for their arguments. They were the 1950 amendment to Section 7 of the Celler-Kefauver and Congress sought to preserve competition for small businesses. Was also intended to help companies focus. The court was the agent that was against large companies that use concentrations in markets with increasing centralization of business. He succeeded in divesting after United States v. Philadelphia National. . Bank, 374 U.S. 321 Celler-Kefauver 362 Anti-Merger Act 1950 as amended provides relevant information: â€Å"That no company engaged in commerce †¦ shall acquire all or part of the assets of another company also engaged in commerce, where in any line of commerce in any part of the country, the effect of such acquisition may be substantially to lessen competition or tend to create a monopoly. â€Å" Question 4: Describe the â€Å"conduct† in question that has been considered â€Å"anticompetitive:†Determine if the defendant had used an anticompetitive Price Strategy and explain how. Likewise, describe any Non-price Strategies the defendant had used and describe how.

Formation of a Contract Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Formation of a Contract - Case Study Example She asked Janet if she was willing to sell her car for 3000 which she agreed. Janet told Barbara that she would sell the car to her for 3000 if she paid in cash and asked her to come over the following day to see it which she did. The contract between Barbara and Janet was concluded immediately she expressed acceptance of an offer. The issue where Barbara is changing her mind that she was to revoke her acceptance is impossible since the contract between her and Janet is binding and enforceable before a court of law. It is immaterial to state that he was revoking the acceptance because she discovered that the car had some problem as stated by his stepfather Roy. 1 A contract which is an agreement between two or more parties which is intended to create legally binding obligations was created between Barbara and Janet on the sale of the second hand car. The word binding is used for there are some contracts which are valid but are not enforceable. For a contract to be binding there must be an intention to create legal relationship between the parties to the contract. For this case, there was an intention of creating a legal relationship between Janet and Barbara on the sale of the second hand car. ... 2 Acceptance once made cannot be revoked unlike an offer which can be revoked by an express notice before it is accepted. However, acceptance cannot be revoked in any circumstance by either the offeree or the offeror. The moment a person expresses his acceptance of an offer, that very moment the contract is concluded and it does not matter whether the acceptance is by word of mouth, in writing or sent by post. For this case, it was illegal for Barbara to revoke his contract to purchase the second hand car for 3000 from Janet as agreed on the phone with her. Due to this reason, Janet can sue Barbara for damages. 3 The normal remedy for breach of contract is damages where the aim of the law is to place the third party as far as possible in the possible in the position he would have been if the contract had been performed. Janet is entitled to receive nominal damages which are awarded to the plaintiff after proving a breach of contract without suffering any actual loss. On the issue where Barbara had been lend 3000 by his stepfather Roy; there was a legally binding contract between them. There was an agreement that Barbara was to pay the debt by 30 equal instalments. This agreement fulfils all the requirements of a valid contract hence it became binding immediately the money was lend to Barbara by her stepfather Roy. However, Barbara's car was involved in an accident and she requested his stepfather to forgo his monthly instalments so that she could afford the repair of her car after the accident which amounted to 1200. For this case, there was a fresh contract between Barbara and his stepfather Roy to forgo the repayment of the loan for sometime until her financial status returned to normal. In the new contract between

Managing Human Resources (HRM) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Managing Human Resources (HRM) - Essay Example One company that has successfully achieved these goals is Sears. As Blanck (1996) illustrates, Sears' success is due to its evolutionary implementation of the ADA and its two-fold strategy of integration and empowerment, based on a culture that focuses on work force diversity. Through its culture of "workforce diversity and inclusion", which seeks to incorporate the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA) in providing accommodations to disabled employees, Sears has achieved an accommodation model that goes beyond compliance with the law but also "enhances its customer base, employee morale, and its overall business strategy goals", thus improving their bottom line and preventing its 20,000 disabled employees from feeling they are not being treated fairly (Blanck, 1996, p.8). Hence, it is evident that implementing accommodations that benefit disabled employees must focus on p

Food win and cutler in California Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Food win and cutler in California - Essay Example Q: Are there any set rule of table etiquettes? A: No, as long as you’re not eating with hands or in an uncivilised manner it’s fine. Q: Does Guatemalan food have any therapeutic uses? A: Not really, Guatemala is a third-world country. People are lucky to barely feed their families. However, old men sometimes consume roots in order to increase their sexual prowess. Q: Does the Guatemalan culture affect the food that you eat or the way you eat it? A: Food unifies the Guatemalans. It is always very family-oriented. Q: What are your meal cycles? A: Guatemalans eat three times a day, with breakfast or dinner being their heaviest meals. Q: How does food vary on special occasions or celebrations? A: Guatemalans celebrate Independence Day as well as Christmas and Easter, and at these occasions candied fruit as well as tamales are served with punch. Interview with a person from California: Q: What foods do people in California usually eat, or is indicative or their culture? A: F ood in the US is very diverse. The popular items for people in California include donuts, fast food (pizza, burgers, sandwiches etc.), corn as well as fresh fruit. However, there are no set foods that are indicative of this culture. People here admire diversity in their cuisine, however due to their lifestyle it is convenient to eat out or consume frozen meals. Q: Are there any set rules or table etiquettes? A: No, Americans use fork and knives when necessary. However, several foods like pizza are eaten with hand. Q: Does the food have any therapeutic uses? A: To my knowledge, no it doesn’t. Q: Does your culture affect the way you eat food or how it is prepared? A: Yes, because we’re always on the go, families don’t usually have time to eat together. Also, it is more convenient to grab a takeaway rather than cooking a meal at home. Q: What are your meal cycles? A: We eat three times a day; however there may be several snacks in between. Q: How does food vary on special occasions or celebrations? A: Turkey is served on thanksgiving, and on Christmas cookies as well as desserts are common. Most Americans love to go out to eat on special occasions. PHASE II I. Guatemala is a country which does not have a national dish; however there are several foods that have now taken a position as a portion of the everyday diet. Similar to the times of the Mayans, corn maintains its position as a staple food in Guatemala; hence it can be termed as the core food of the country. It is more or less always eaten in the form of a tortilla, or a thin corn pancake, served warm wrapped inside a cloth (Fodor's Travel Publications, 1999). Another Mayan essential are the black beans (frijoles) that are consumed in almost every meal and have a place in their staple diet. Hence, these can also be termed as the core or primary food in Guatemala. These can typically be refried (volteados), squashed, or basically eaten fully( parados). Rice, eggs, as well as cheese are al so widely eaten in Guatemala and form a part of their primary foods (Let's Go Publications, 2000). Moreover, recently characteristic Spanish dishes, in the form of enchiladas, tamales, guacamoleand tortillas, have paved their way into the Guatemalan diet. These can be included in the periphery foods. In addition, several countries and their cultures have also had an effect on the

To compose a proposal for research paper Assignment - 1

To compose a proposal for research paper - Assignment Example Literature Review: In this research it will entail studying and analyzing previous studies conducted in a similar research topic and evaluation of the theses and hypotheses developed by the authors. Articles, books and other relevant documents to the research problem will be identified, located and analyzed to determine what has already been done thus stimulating new ideas and approaches. Further, literature review will not only provide suggested recommendation but also form a framework for interpreting research findings. I plan to conduct proposal paper with the methodology of action research strategy, which is usually conducted with the aim of solving an immediate problem, in this case, treatment of special needs children. Data will be collected systematically from sources of similar law requirements using the probabilistic method of systematic random sampling. Using this strategy, the information will be selected randomly and ranked in accordance with its applicability in this health law so that an appropriate mechanism to create the law will be developed (World report on disability 21). The selection of relevant information will be crucial in this research thereby researchers will be required to apply judgmental evaluation while observing ethical research procedures. The planned proposed paper’s variables relating to the health law addressing treatment of special needs children will undergo analysis through two procedures; conceptualization and operationalization. This technique ensures that the findings will not only be valid to the entire concept but also reliable. Variables that may affect achievement of sufficient measurement and analysis consist of extraneous variables given they may be easily overlooked by the researcher and cause errors in applicability of the law. This research will statistically minimize their effects by considering every angle while establishing relevant

Talent Management Strategy Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Talent Management Strategy - Term Paper Example Conversely, it is through courtesy of proper talent management strategies that organizations have sprang from small corporate fledglings, to reputable multinationals. The blueprints of proper talent management may be seen in the ensuing discourse. Introduction The organization in point is a profit-making business entity which deals in food and beverages. The organization is still in the process of growth and development as it comprises 200 employees, of which 20 are identified as leaders and may be called Swift Foods Ltd. In itself, talent management denotes the anticipation of essential human capital that an organization may need at a given time, then setting a plan and then carrying out that that plan to meet organizational needs. So sacrosanct is talent management in aiming at specific performance target that it has become the science of employing strategic human resources [HR] to strengthen organizational value and to help the organization reach its value. Determining the Key Com ponents of Talent Management, Including Identifying, Assessing, and Developing Talent There are several components of talent management. The first component involves identification. ... Apart from academic credentials, Swift Foods Ltd may use overall individual performance of the potential recruit in the interview, experience and letters of recommendation, among others. Academic credentials for instance will help Swift Foods Ltd ascertain formal skills and expertise an individual candidate possesses, in light of the office to be filled, while experience will help the organization determine the degree of the candidate's ability to perform. Testimonials for instance will help ascertain the behavioral predisposition that a given candidate possesses, in relation to the role that he is to discharge. All these factors will be important in identifying talent since talent is an element compounded by other desirable attributes such as personal traits, skills and abilities. The second component of talent management is the assessment of talent. This involves, setting performance target for an employee and then analyzing his actual performance against the already-set target. It is from this juncture that measures may be taken to uphold and enhance the talent that is extant and to inculcate upon the employee, new talents that are desired in the organization. To develop talent, there are several strategies and approaches that may successfully apply. Swift Foods Ltd can use the compensation management system, where it maintains competitive remunerations while managing payroll costs, total compensation, compensation for planning and awarding and pay-for-performance arrangements. Going by the recommendations that Fayol (2010) makes, the organization can also use global human resources that help maintain and manage core elements of the global workforce- county-specific attributes also included. Swift Foods Ltd may

Urban planning elements Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Urban planning elements - Essay Example Zoning can be defined as the way in which land gets utilized in urban centers. The local governments try to use zoning in controlling buildings in the city. The market square comes as the heart of the city of Pittsburgh as almost all businesses converge there. The local government instigated a project aiming at reinstating the market square to the status it was at in the past. As a cultural centre, some of the old, dilapidated buildings in the square could not be demolished so that the cultural aspect can be maintained. The local government gave direction on what to be constructed and where to be constructed. The project of revitalizing the square involved a lot of interested groups in the downtown district. The local government collaborated with several private and public organizations to make the project sustainable to different groups. The square provides many exciting activities to the populace who subsist and visit the city of Pittsburgh. This expansion of the square, seeks to create a modern urban centre environment in the city. Urbanization was one of the key issues which were considered. The effects of urbanization made the market square look out dated and, therefore, the local authority decided to undertake this move of urbanizing the city through modernization of the square. The centre of the square was to be decongested to make the place accessible and spacious. The short term goals were reducing the parking space in the square and improving the lighting in the square. Cleaning and improving law enforcement were also among the short term goals.

Symbolic Interaction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Symbolic Interaction - Essay Example Similarly, the dominant methodological approach, survey research, was criticized as dehumanizing, as eliminating the most significant elements of human life, and thereby producing a distorted picture of the world. "Symbolic Interaction is a down-to-earth approach to the scientific study of human group life and human conduct. Its empirical world is the natural world of such group life and conduct. It lodges its problems in this natural world, conducts its studies in it, and derives its interpretations from such naturalistic studies." (p.67) Blumer's theoretical and methodological arguments were an important resource drawn on by many of the critics of sociological orthodoxy in this period. Symbolic Interaction grew popular as a theoretical counter to functionalism, and the 'naturalistic' methods advocated by Blumer became one of the most common alternatives to survey research. On both sides of the Atlantic, there was considerable growth in the amount of interactionist ethnography in many fields, but especially in the study of deviance, medicine, and education. Blumer was an important, though by no means the only, influence on those adopting this approach. Most of the arguments currently used to legitimate qualitative research are to be found in his writings. S Symbolic Interaction rests on three primary premises. First, that human beings act towards things on the basis of the meanings those things have for them, second that such meanings arise out of the interaction of the individual with others, and third, that an interpretive process is used by the person in each instance in which he must deal with things in his environment. It was Blumer's perception that the first premise was largely ignored, or at least down-played, by his contemporaries. If mentioned at all, he asserted, meaning is relegated to the status of a causative factor or is treated as a "mere transmission link that can be ignored in favour of the initiating factors" by both sociologists and psychologists. Symbolic Interaction, however, holds the view that the central role in human behaviour belongs to these very meanings which other viewpoints would dismiss as incidental. As to the second premise, Blumer identified two traditional methods for accounting for the derivation of meaning and highlights how they differ from the Interactionist approach. First, meaning is taken to be innate to the object considered (i.e., it inheres in the objective characteristics of the object). In this view, meaning is given and no process is involved in forming an understanding of it, one need only recognize what is already there. Second, meaning is taken to be the cumulative "psychical accretion" of perceptions carried by the perceiver for whom the object has meaning. "This psychical accretion is treated as being an expression of constituent elements of the person's psyche, mind, or psychological organization." The constituents of the individual's psychological makeup that go to form meaning, then, are all of the sensory and attitudinal data that the person brings to the instance of meaning formation with her. In marked contradistinction to these viewpoints, Social Interaction holds that meaning arises out of the

Man Made Disaster Essay Example for Free

Man Made Disaster Essay Free and compulsory education to all children up to the age fourteen is constitutional commitment in India. The Parliament of India has recently passed Right to Education Act through which education has become fundamental right of all children of age group 6-14 year. The site Education for All (EFA) in India presents up-to-date information regarding activities initiated in the field ofelementary education in India. It presents National Policy on Education (1986,NPE) its Programme of Action (POA, 1994) as well as goals and objectives of Education for All in India. A separate section is devoted on to District Primary Education Programme(DPEP) in terms of its framework, planning methodology adopted in developing District Primary Education Plans. Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA), launched in 2001is the most recent initiatives of the Government of India, which presents its guidelines, planning methodology, data on elementary education created under District Information System for Education(DISE), list of districts covered, addresses of state implementation societies and outcome of the research studies conducted on schoolattendance, teachers absenteeism, out-of-school children, mid-day meal and many other aspects of elementary education in India. The site has got separate channel for Educational Management Information System (EMIS) and presents school, district and state report cards as well as elementary education in rural and urban India and DISE Flash Statistics and analysis of data in the form of Elementary Education in India: Progress towards UEE, Analytical Report for 2006-07 and previous years. In addition, district-specific information on key variables concerning all the aspects of universal elementary education (UEE) is also presented. The site presents recent activities towards Rastriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan (RMSA) which is the most recent initiative of Government of India to achieve the goal of universalisation of secondary education (USE). It has got separate channel for educational statistics and presents Selected Educational Statistics brought out by the Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD) for different years. In addition, the site also presents state and district-wise population(male, female total, sex ratio, child sex ratio (o-6 year), density of population, population by religions, workers and non-workers and other such variables) and literacy rates (male, female total, rural and urban areas and scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes) based on 2001 Census. It also presents book reviews, educational links, UNESCO-UIS software for educational planners and many important documents such as common school system, modules on district educational planning and projections and forecasting of population, enrolment and teachers all which are important for those interested in educational planning and administration. It has got a separate channel on educational planning covering training at district (DIET), block, cluster and national level.

Africa Change over Time Essay Example for Free

Africa Change over Time Essay Around the period during the second World War and the Cold War, a Red Scare went on in the most powerful and influential capitalist countries of the world. The Red Scare was basically a fear of the spread of communism. According to the Domino Theory, which was developed in that era, if a specific country turned to communism, communism would soon spread to all the other countries in that area. This fear caused the United States to jump into action at the slightest sign of communist influence in many places in the world, especially subsaharan Africa. However, over the years, this fear has eased, and the U. S. is more prone to attempting to aid these nations, rather than destroying them. In sub-saharan Africa, from around 1900 to present day, conditions there have both changed and stayed the same. On one hand, western involvement in the area has changed, but on the other hand, the constant civil wars and oppressive circumstances from the past still exist today. Sub-saharan Africa from the beginning of the 20th century up to this present day has been under constant civil war. South Africa, Sudan, Mozambique, Angola, Ethiopia and Zaire (or the Republic of Congo) are good examples of this. South Africa was first colonized by the Dutch who integrated themselves into the country. However, in the late 19th century, the English conquered South Africa and moved the Boers (the Dutch-Africans) to the north of the country where they clashed with the native Zulu tribe. When diamonds where later discovered in that area, the Dutch and the English had wars for the territory. In Sudan, a fundamentalist Islamic group that sits at the head of the government was at civil war with a rebel Christian group. The main reason for this conflict was the obvious religious differences. This conflict has ruined many crops and homes of civilians and forced many others to flee the country. In Mozambique the civil So? a Gruber war there was a proxy war between the Soviet Union, that influenced a Marxist government in that area, and the U. S. , that sponsored a rebel movement to usurp the communist government. Similarly, in Angola and Ethiopia, a proxy war, sponsored by the two Cold War superpowers tear the countries apart, causing widespread famine and suffering. Finally, the civil war in Congo, that has lasted for decades, was a tug for power between both left and right leaders who, nonetheless, where all power hungry and corrupt. In sub-saharan Africa, there is a continuous pattern of oppression of the people. The examples for this seem to be endless, between constant genocides and militaristic dictators, the people in sub-saharan Africa suffer and die in squalor. In Rwanda, a mass genocide erupted when the Hutu tribe blamed the Tutsi tribe for their leader’s death. In a time span of 100 days, nearly 8000 people died, and countless more were injured in unspeakable ways. Throughout all of Africa, the use of child soldiers has become extremely popular. It is not uncommon for a 10 year old boy (sometimes even younger) to be drugged and paraded down the street while they shot innocent civilians and mutilated them. The living conditions in many nations are unspeakable. Many families live in shacks with no running water, and very few of them have any means of contact to the outside world (television, phones, radio, ect. ). Constant civil war force many families to flee their country, creating refugees for other countries, who stick them all in refugee camps. Most methods of war involve hurting civilians, in Sudan, a popular resistance method was scorched-earth policies. Here, armies would burn down everything that would be essential to life, ensuring that no aid would be available to their opponent. In South Africa, mostly, apartheid was practiced to the extreme. Not only were there segregated bathrooms and schools, but entire towns. A white minority would live in splendor, while the black, native majority would live in squalor. From 1900 to present day, the world’s involvement in sub-saharan Africa has drastically changed. Western involvement in sub-saharan Africa mainly consisted in imperialistic motives and proxy wars. However, its started to change into wanting to help improve the standard of living. South Africa is a very good example of this. In the times of imperialism, England and Holland both had interest in South Africa. England wanted to create colonies there and the Dutch were already there. After the Dutch kicked the English out of the country, they set up their own personal empire in the region. They created a world where whites ruled over blacks. The insalubrious living conditions there for the native black majority eventually set off the rest of the world. After years of both internal and external pressure, the South African government finally ended apartheid in the country. This type of change goes on in many African countries. Most of these countries suffer due to futile proxy wars set up in the region by both Soviet and American forces. After decades of watching this fighting, the world decided to step in and help. Red Cross is sent in there to aid and occasionally, the United Nations tries to stop these wars. Non-profit organizations, such as UNICEF and Hand Up Africa encourage western civilians to take part in working for peace in the sub-saharan African nations. Despite the change in western attitude towards sub-saharan African nations, most of them still are under the threat of constant civil war and their people live in oppressive circumstances. Many of these civil wars were caused by the American fear towards communism and tribal and religious differences. These conflicts bring rise to militaristic dictatorships and decrease the standard of living prominently. However, in retrospect, western nations seemed to have repented for their destruction of the large continent and continuously attempt to rebuild it.

Attitudes Of University Students In Lebanon Towards Homosexuality

Attitudes Of University Students In Lebanon Towards Homosexuality Recently, almost all cultures have witnessed increasing trends in homosexuality. As a result, more and more organizations protecting gay, lesbian, and bisexual rights have emerged. One factor that seems to affect the emotional and social development of gays and lesbians is the attitudes of society toward them (Bowen Bourjeois, 2001). Much research has been conducted since late 1970s focusing on the factors that affect heterosexuals attitudes toward gays and lesbians (Whitley, 1988). Gender, religion, education, as well as race are some of the factors that play a role in determining these attitudes (Whitley, 1988; Negy Eisenman, 2005; Landen Innala, 2002; Grapes, 2006). Studies conducted in the United States, Australia, Turkey, Hong Kong, Sweden and Canada have indicated that most attitudes towards gays and lesbians are negative in general (Negy Eisenman, 2005; Landen Innala, 2002; Hopwood Connors, 2002; Schellenberg, Hirt, Sears, 1999). It is suspected that the prevailing attitudes in Lebanon are similar to those in the countries mentioned earlier. However, because of the lack of concrete research on this topic in Lebanon, it is necessary that a study be conducted in order to investigate the attitudes towards gays and lesbians among university students in Lebanon. The purpose of this study was to determine the attitudes that students at universities in Lebanon have towards gays and lesbians. Since previous research have shown gender and choice of major to be of great importance in determining university students attitudes towards homosexuality, this study also compared the attitudes of male vs. female, as well as Social sciences and Art students vs. Natural sciences and Business students. Review of the Literature One of the main problems associated with homosexuality in the Middle East is the negative attitudes that Arabs have towards gay men and lesbians. These attitudes are further complicated by international politics which slow down social progress in Middle Eastern countries. As a result, strict Arab morality is imposed in these countries as a means of defense against Western trends that promote female nudity and homosexuality. However, these negative attitudes could not be generalized as homophobia because they are directly linked to political, social, religious and cultural issues (Whitaker, 2006). Contrary to what many people believe, the attitudes towards gay men and lesbians are rather negative even in western countries such as the United States, Australia, Sweden and Canada (Negy Eisenman, 2005; Landen Innala, 2002; Hopwood Connors, 2002; Schellenberg, Hirt, Sears, 1999). Previous studies on attitudes of undergraduate university students specifically indicate mostly negative at titudes, with fluctuations that depend on factors such as gender, education, religiosity, as well as, race (Whitley, 1988; Negy Eisenman, 2005; Landen Innala, 2002; Grapes, 2006; Jonathan, 2008). Because of the lack of empirical evidence on the attitudes in Lebanon towards gay men and lesbians, it is important that this study be conducted so as to set stable grounds for this issue. The purpose of this study was to measure the attitudes of undergraduate university students in Lebanon towards gay men and lesbians. Hopwood and Connors (2002) examined the attitudes of undergraduate students toward homosexuality at a university in Australia. The first hypothesis was that homophobic males were most likely to be religious and politically conservative. The second hypothesis stated that levels of homophobia would be more prevalent among business majors than humanities majors. The sample consisted of 104 students from two faculties; 58% were registered in a humanities class, while 42% were registered in a business class, and 65% of the sample was females. Participants were asked to complete a questionnaire composed of three parts. The first part included The Heterosexual Attitudes to Homosexuals questionnaire which measured the attitudes of the participants toward issues such as befriending or social equality for homosexuals. The second part of the questionnaire measured the participants fear of AIDS/HIV with the use of the Fear of AIDS scale by Bouton et al. The third part involved the measurement of demographic variables intended to ascertain participants religiosity and political views. The results validated the hypotheses tested in this research. Fear of HIV/AIDS seemed to be the most powerful indicator of homophobia among men, with a correlation of 0.64. Gender was also a predictor of homophobia; males exhibited more negative attitudes towards homosexuals than women. The results also showed that religious individuals expressed more homophobia than nonreligious ones. Last but not least, academic major aided in predicting homophobia; as hypothesized, business majors expressed higher levels of homophobia and fear of HIV/AIDS than did the humanities students. In another similar study conducted by Schellenberg et al. (1999) at the University of Windsor in Canada investigated the attitudes of undergraduate university students toward gay men and lesbians. Comparisons were to be made on the basis of the participants gender, faculty, and year at university. One hypothesis was that participants enrolled in Arts or Social science faculties would have more positive attitudes than those enrolled in Science or Business faculties. Another hypothesis was that females were more likely to have positive attitudes than men toward gay and lesbian individuals. This studys sample consisted of 199 undergraduate students (101 males and 98 females) enrolled at the University of Windsor, who were hired so as to increase the chances that they would be enrolled in different faculties. Participants were asked general questions such as their year at college, their major, as well as their age and gender. Their attitudes were measured using the short form of Hereks Attitudes toward Lesbians and Gay men scale which was designed to yield a subscale which measures attitudes toward lesbians, and other that measures attitudes toward gay men. The results of this study indicated that attitudes toward gay men changed as a function of the students faculties; that is to say that students in the faculties of Arts or Social Sciences had more positive attitudes than those in the faculties of Business or Science. Moreover, gender and year at university had a big role; women had more positive attitudes as compared to men regardless of their year at university. However, although new male students held negative attitudes toward gay men, these attitudes improved with the years spent at university. As for attitudes towards lesbians, gender and faculty played little or no role in determining the attitudes. However, the attitudes became more positive with the time at university. Along the same lines, Negy and Eisenman (2005) studied the attitudes and affects of African American and White college students toward lesbian, gay and bisexual individuals. More specifically, this study aimed to investigate how enculturation and religiosity might control the attitudes toward lesbian, gay and bisexuals. Because of inconsistent findings in the past, no formal hypothesis was made. Previous studies regarding African Americans showed that they seem to be more probable than whites to both see homosexuality as incorrect and to support gay rights laws. As a result, this study aimed to investigate African American attitudes while considering variables which may influence homophobia such as culture, religiosity, and sociodemographics. The studys sample consisted of 77 African Americans (22 male, 48 female) and 143 non-Hispanic whites (38 male, 105 female) who attended a public university in Southeast U.S. 90% of the African Americans and 94% of the Whites were exclusively heterosexuals, and 89% of the African Americans and 76% of the Whites were Christian. In order to measure the three variables mentioned previously, several questionnaires were handed out to the participants. Questionnaires included a Demographic Sheet which inquires the age, gender, ethnicity, religious affiliation, and sexual orientation of the participants. It also inquired the level of parental education as well as the years of education of the participants parents so as to infer the socioeconomic status of each. Moreover, participants commitment to religion was assessed based on two measures; one of which is the frequency of church attendance, and the second includes reasons for believing in a religion. The third questionnaire was a Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding, constructed to measure social desirability. The fourth questionnaire was the Index of Homophobia by Hudson Ricketts which measured homophobia among the participants. A fifth questionnaire was the Heterosexual Attitudes Toward Homosexuality (HATH) which measured attitudes and beliefs regarding gay and lesbian individuals. Finally, a sixth questionnaire, African American Acculturation Scale, was handed out to the African American participants only to measure how much African American respondents were absorbed into a traditional African American culture. The results indicated that even though African American participants affective and attitudinal reactions to lesbian, gay and bisexual individuals may be more negative than those of White students, this difference faded when regularity of church attendance, religious dedication, and SES were considered. So for both, African Americans and Whites, the three variables church attendance, religiosity and SES served as predictors of homonegativity. Bowen and Bourgeois (2001) examined the attitudes toward lesbian, gay and bisexual (LGB) individuals based on certain social psychology theories. They first hypothesized that having had more LGB acquaintances in the past would yield more positive existing attitudes. The second hypothesis was that respondents were more likely to rate their personal attitudes toward LGB more positively than their friends or typical students as a result of pluralistic ignorance. The third hypothesis predicted that students attitudes would change with regards to the residence halls (i.e students from the same residence hall would share the same attitude) based on the Dynamic Social Impact Theory. The last hypothesis stated that present contact with LGB individuals would yield more positive approaches regardless of the respondents past contact with LGBs. Questionnaires were sent out by mail to 240 undergraduate students in two residence halls (6 Floors in building A and 5 floors in building B), however only 109 students completed them (48 females and 51 males). The questionnaire included only a Gay/Lesbian/Bisexual Attitudes questionnaire made of a 7 point Likert type scale. Respondents were inquired to provide three responses: the first about his/her attitude toward LGB, the second about his/her beliefs about how friends would respond, and third they had to rate how they thought the typical student would reply. Respondents were also asked about the number of previous LGB acquaintances, as they were asked to indicate how many openly LGB individuals resided in their residence halls and on their individual floors. The results of this study confirmed the hypotheses constructed at the very beginning. Respondents actually did represent themselves as having more positive attitudes towards LGB individuals than their friends and the typical student, proving the pluralistic ignorance theory. Moreover, consistent with the contact hypothesis, respondents who referred to as few as one or two explicitly LGB students in their residence halls or on their floor held considerably more positive attitudes than students who knew none. Some limitations of this study could be the small sample, the ethnic homogeneity of the respondents. Moreover, the low response rates could have been an indication of bias since it is possible that the students with more negative attitudes did not respond. In an interesting research article by Landen and Innala (2002), the effects of a biological explanation on attitudes towards gays and lesbians in Sweden were examined. The purpose of this study was to test whether attitudes towards homosexuals differed between people who supported the biological explanation and those who supported a psychological explanation. Comparisons were also to be made between the attitudes of men and those of women, as well as between an old age group and a young age group. A sample of 992 people was randomly selected from the National Registration and was sent questionnaires by mail. 668 out of the 992 people returned the questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of ten questions that covered the participants beliefs about the origin of homosexuality, the integration of homosexuals in the society as well as homosexual friendships. Participants ranged between 18 and 70 years of age, with the median age being 44 years. The results of this study supported previous findings that proposed that individuals supporting the biological explanation of homosexuality had more tolerant attitudes toward it (CITE). Moreover, the more participants were acquainted with gays and lesbians, the more liberal attitudes they held toward them. Also, the results of this study showed that women and the younger age group tended to have more positive attitudes towards homosexuals than those who believed in a psychological explanation of homosexuality. Out of the 668 people, a little more than half of them (51%) believed in a biological explanation, whereas the remaining 49% believed in a psychological explanation. This study supports theories of the prominence of positive attitudes among people who believed that homosexuality had a biological origin, as well as people who had more personal contacts with homosexuals (CITE). In an attempt to inspect the prevalent attitudes towards homosexuals among Turkish university students, Cirakoglu (2006) aimed to examine the students beliefs regarding the causes of homosexuality. The study also aimed to compare how participants attitudes varied towards the labels gay and lesbian. Finally, the attitudes of participants who had had previous social contact with homosexuals were measured. Cirakoglu (2006) hypothesized that the label gay would elicit the most negative attitudes, whereas the label lesbian would trigger more positive ones. And, in relation to previous studies, he hypothesized that participants who had prior social contact with a homosexual would have more positive attitudes than those who hadnt. Participants of this research included 334 private university students (140 women and 194 men) in Turkey. Students were given questions regarding their demographic information, as they were also given a 50-item scale for the causes of homosexuality and a 19-item attitude scale. When asked about previous contact with at least one homosexual, 41.82% of participants reported having had contact with a homosexual. The results of Cirakoglus study seemed to verify the hypotheses stated at the beginning. The label lesbian seemed to elicit more positive attitudes than did the term gay or homosexual. It seemed that the term gay triggered the most negative attitudes among the three labels (CITE). Moreover, men had rather negative attitudes towards homosexuals, unlike women who held more positive attitudes. As hypothesized earlier and in accordance to previous research, participants who reported having previous social contact with homosexuals held more positive attitudes than participants who reported no prior social contact. It is interesting to note that, participants who had no social contact with homosexuals seemed to believe that homosexuality stems from a psychological or physiological disorder; participants who reported prior contact, however, believed that homosexuality is a choice of lifestyle (CITE). Since South Africa became the fifth country to legalize homosexual marriages in 2006, Mwaba (2009) studied the attitudes and beliefs of South African students regarding homosexuality and same-sex marriages. Even though South African law protected its homosexual citizens rights and bans any sort of discrimination against them, the general attitudes of students remained negative. Mwabas sample was made up of 150 undergraduate students at a university in Western Cape in South Africa. These students were hired during a time of intense debate after the validation of homosexual marriages in 2006. The samples mean age was 18.3 years, 83% of which were females. Also, 68% of the sample students were Christians. An 18-item questionnaire was used to measure the attitudes toward homosexual marriages and homosexuality. The results signified rather conservative attitudes among the sample, as almost 44% thought that homosexuality should be socially unacceptable rather than acceptable in South Africa. However, when it came to granting homosexuals equal rights, 41% only believed that the government was right in doing so, with the majority of the sample (59%) opposed it. 37% thought there was nothing wrong in discriminating against homosexuals, and 71% indicated that they thought the marriage of two people of the same sex to be strange. But overall, those who believed that homosexual marriages should be legalized were almost equal to those who were against it (51% and 49% respectively). One of the factors that seems to affect peoples attitudes towards homosexuality is their level of education. In one of her studies, Grapes (2006) investigated the relationship between the level of education and the attitudes towards homosexuals and their rights. Grapes hypothesized that as the level of education increases, the attitudes towards homosexuals become more liberal. She also hypothesized, in accordance to literature, that females will have more tolerant attitudes than males. Grapes obtained data from the General Social Survey which was conducted by the National Opinion Research Center at the University of Chicago (Grapes, 2006). Her two independent variables were gender and level of education, and her dependent variable was the attitudes toward gays and gay rights. The attitudes were measured by choosing four specific questions that address homosexuality in the General Social Survey (Grapes, 2006). The sample consisted of 740 participants. Consistent with previous studies, Grapes (2006) results prove that gender plays a big role in determining the attitudes toward gay rights and homosexuals. Females held more positive attitudes than did males. Moreover, Grapes established a multivariate relationship between level of education, gender and attitudes toward gay rights (2006). She found that males who had a degree lower than high school were 36% more inclined to be against equal rights for homosexuals. Whereas females with a graduate diploma are 28% more likely to be supportive of homosexuals rights than females with an education lower than high school (Grapes, 2006). Congruently, Herek (1988) used a sample of 405 students to study what contributes to heterosexuals reaction formation to gay and lesbian individuals. First, he wanted to determine how heterosexuals attitudes were affected by gender. Second, he inquired about the contribution of social psychological factors to the attitude formation toward homosexuals. Last, he questioned whether attitudes differ toward lesbians and gays men (Herek, 1988). Hereks sample included 405 students (226 females, 179 males) from six different universities in the United States. The participants presented information about their religious backgrounds and how often they attend religious services, as well as the number of their gay/lesbian acquaintances. An Attitude Toward Lesbians and Gays (ATLG) scale composed of a 20-item likert scale was developed by Herek (1988). The scale had two ten-item subscales: half of which measure attitudes toward lesbians, whereas the other half measures attitudes toward gay men. Hereks results (1988) proved that male participants held more negative attitudes than females on both the ATL (Attitudes Toward Lesbians) and ATG (Attitudes Toward Gays) scale, yet they held less negative attitudes toward lesbians. Hereks study also verified that attitudes toward homosexuals are influenced by participants loyalty to traditional gender and family values, as well as by the level of their religious commitments and previous experience with gay men and lesbians (Herek, 1988). Last but not least, and in accordance to the Pluralistic ignorance theory in Bowen and Bourgeois study (2001), participants who held negative attitudes were likely to presume that their friends had similar attitudes towards homosexuals. Likewise, attitudes of undergraduate university students toward gay men and lesbians were investigated in a study conducted by Engstrom and Sedlacek (1997). The study aimed to investigate whether heterosexual college students at a southeast university held negative attitudes toward gay men and lesbians. Moreover, the study investigated the type of situations in which negative feelings toward homosexuals were expressed (Engstrom Sedlacek, 1997). The studys randomly selected sample consisted of 224 heterosexual university students; half of which were males, and half of which were females. Engstrom and Sedlacek (1997) administered the SAS Sexual Orientation Survey to measure the students attitudes toward gays and lesbians. The survey contained a likert-type scale ranging from one to five; it consisted of ten statements that covered personal, social, and academic situations. Three different forms of the survey were produced and mailed to participants: one referred to student (with no specified sexual orientation), the second referred to Gay male student, and the third referred to lesbian student, (Engstrom Sedlacek, 1997). Engstrom and Sedlaceks study confirmed that male students attitudes were more negative toward gay men than toward lesbians. It seemed that participants displayed more intolerant attitudes in situations where they must interact with gay males in public. Moreover, despite the fact that women hold more negative attitudes toward lesbians, in this study, females had surprisingly more negative attitudes toward gay males (Engstrom Sedlacek, 1997). However, and despite the negative attitudes toward homosexuals, participants seemed to be infuriated at the thought of the physical assault of a homosexual. This study gives insight as to how and in what situations stereotypical attitudes could be formed and allows further implications for practice (Engstrom Sedlacek, 1997).

Crime and Punishment - My name is Raskolnikov :: Dostoevsky Crime and Punishment

Crime and Punishment - My name is Raskolnikov  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It is obvious that Raskolnikov did not kill Alyona. Nikolai did. He confessed, didn't he? Sure, sure, I know what you're saying: Raskolnikov confessed too. But it is obvious that his confession was not a true confession. Raskolnikov had seen Nikolai's true confession, and was so moved that he decided he'd like to try confessing too. And one must not overlook the Christ symbolism in the novel. Raskolnikov is the obvious Christ-figure; he's poor, he's generous, he's schizophrenic. It all adds up. Raskolnikov is Christ's second incarnation but nobody realizes it's Him. Kind of sad. One should not overlook Raskolnikov's superior man theory. Nikolai, on the other hand, is the scum of the earth. He's a minor character, and minor characters always commit murders in books. What else do they have to do? One should not only look at the psychology of the characters in the novel, but of the author as well. Dostoevsky wouldn't write a story about some vile murderer. No. Dostoevsky was a good Chri stian writer. C&P is a handbook for becoming a Christian, not some murder psychology thriller. Raskolnikov gives lots of reasons for the murder, and it is obvious from the sheer number of reasons that he gives that Raskolnikov is innocent. He can't even make up a realistic motive! No one is fooled. I sure wasn't. Raskolnikov is surely a messed up character. He is upset because he can't get any work, so he decides to plead guilty to a murder he knows nothing about just so he can get some hard labor in Siberia. Oh, sure, he want back to the apartment and questioned where the body was. Sure he could relate the entire murder in realistic detail. These are merely coincidences, just like his meeting with Marmeladov. C&P was often criticized for its overuse of coincidence. Perhaps the most confusing scene in that it leads many unwary readers astray is the actual description of the murder itself. This of course was just a dream. Dostoevsky was very fond of dream symbolism and used it often in C&P.    So it is now obvious, I am sure, that Raskolnikov did not kill Alyona, and that Nikolai did. But why did Nikolai kill Alyona? Well, Nikolai was an early existentialist. He just killed her for the thrill of it. Better than going to the movies.

My House Was Destroyed by Fire Essay -- Personal Narrative, essay abou

December came quietly that year, not blinding us with a blanket of snow, but creeping through the landscape with a cold that ached in the bones. Every blade of grass was held captive by a sheath of frost, as were the glacial branches that scraped at my windows, begging to get in. It is indeed the coldest year I can remember, with winds like barbs that caught and pulled at my skin. People ceaselessly searched for warmth, but my family found that this year, the warmth was searching for us. My family had collected in the basement, a testament to tacky dà ©cor with a dash of dank- ness. Nevertheless, it was easily the warmest place in the house and all household activities were being conducted there that day. My dad was trying to conquer a video game with little success, and my brother and I toiled with our homework achieving an equal lack of accomplishment. The culprit of our distraction was undoubtedly the pot roast that waited upstairs for us, taunting our empty stomachs with its heavy smell which floated over the moldy air of the basement like oil on water. The aroma must have reminded my mother to afford the roast a checkup, for she had abandoned the laundry and was ascending the stairs. Now, I don’t believe much in the extrasensory, but I distinctly remember having a bad, bad feeling when my mother traversed the last step. Whatever this premonition may have been, it had me at my feet and waiting at the bottom of the stairs for a scream I already knew was coming. No foreshadowing could have prepared me for it, though. Her scream hit me like a cy- clone, turning my legs to rubber and my innards to slush. Frantic yelling followed the first shrill cry, and my father had nearly flown upstairs before I could even chi... ...the fire. My dolls were twisted and liquefied, broken and scorched, sprawled upon my shelves and floor as if my room was some elaborate death scene. Spectral pieces of shattered glass sparkled amongst the yellow glow of my flashlight, littering my bed and a great deal of the floor. My family was reunited with no tears, but shared a common frustration that knotted in all of our stomachs. The next four months would be equally hellish, spent in a cramped hotel room, with a so-called kitchen and comfortable living space that included a sink, a microwave, and three beds for the four of us. The time away from the hotel was devoted to slaving over house repairs, or simply yearning for just a breath of spring. The cold was hideous and blistering, and people matched its bitterness with their complaints. My family stayed quiet; we had our share of warmth that winter.

Modern Turkey :: essays research papers

THE REPUBLIC PERIOD Modern Turkish Period (1923-Present) 1923 Establishment of the Turkish Republic with Ataturk as its first president 1924 Abolition of Caliphate 1925-38 Ataturk's program of reforms to modernize Turkey 1938 Death of Ataturk; Ismet Inonu becomes the Republic's second president 1939-45 Despite the alliance with Britain and France, Turkey remains neutral during World War II 1946 Turkey becomes a charter member of United Nations 1950 Turkey enters Korean War as a part of United Nations force; change from a single-party to a multi-party system 1952 Joins the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) The attempt of the victorious Allies to control the Anatolian territory led to the Turkish War of Independence (1918-23). Following the occupation of Istanbul in 1920 by the British, Italian and French, a Greek army advanced from Izmir deep into Anatolia. While the sultan offered no resistance, under the leadership of Kemal Ataturk, the Turkish Nationalists overturned the postwar settlement embodied in the Treaty of Sà ©vres (1920) and established the Republic of Turkey, formally recognized by the Treaty of Lausanne in 1923. Mustafa Kemal retired his military uniform and inspired the people to an even greater task: Transformation of the country into the democratic, secular Republic of Turkey. Mustafa Kemal Ataturk 1881 Birth of Mustafa in Salonika 1893 Enters Military Secondary School where he is given the name of Kema 1899 Enters War College in Constantinople 1902 Graduates as lieutenant 1905 Posted to 5th Army in Damascus 1907 Posted to 3rd Army in Salonika 1908 "Young Turk" Revolution in Salonika 1911 Posted to General Staff in Constantinople; goes to Tobruk and Derna with Turkish Forces, promoted to Major 1912 Balkan War; severe defeat, returns home 1913 Appointed Military Attachà © in Sofia 1914 Promoted Lieutenant-Colonel; Turkey signs secret alliance with Germany; Russia, Britain and France declare war on Turkey 1915 Appointed to reorganize 9th Division, in Thrace; unsuccessful allied naval attack on Dardanelles; allied military landing at Ariburnu (Anzac); promoted to colonel; appointed to command 16th Army Corps 1916 Allied evacuation of Gallipoli Peninsula; transferred to Caucasus front; promoted to General and Pasa 1917 Returns to Constantinople 1919 Appointed Inspector-General in Anatolia; lands in Samsun; issues "Declaration of Independence" at Amasya; ordered by Government to return; resigns from the army; Nationalist Congress at Sivas and Erzurum; National Pact; new parliament elected; headquarters at Angora 1920 (April 23) First Turkish Grand National Assembly (TGNA) at Ankara 1921 Consecutive battles against different enemies; given title of Gazi and rank of Marshal by TGNA

Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Happiness

â€Å"Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness† is the cornerstone of our nations Declaration of Independence. When considering this quote and identifying an individual or group of individuals who have continued to pursue this belief in the twentieth century and beyond, one must consider the name Cesar Chavez and the organization, The United Farm Workers, he was so instrumental in its formation, as being synonymous with this phrase. (U. S. Declaration of Independence (July 4, 1776))Cesar Estrada Chavez was born March 31, 1927 on a small farm near Yuma, Arizona that his grandfather had homesteaded during the 1880's. Chavez was the second born of six children to Librado and Juana Chavez. At age 7 Cesar began school, but found it very difficult due to the fact that his family only spoke Spanish. Chavez preferred to learn from his uncles and grandparents who would read to him in Spanish and additionally he learned many things from his mother who believed that violence and selfis hness were wrong and stressed this with all her children.In the 1930's, at age 10, Chavez was forced to begin his life as a migrant farm worker when his father lost the land homesteaded by his grandfather during the Great Depression. These were bitterly poor times for the Chavez family and together with thousands of other displaced families, they migrated throughout the Southwestern United States, laboring in the fields and vineyards. Cesar in an effort to help support his parents and brothers and sisters dropped out of school after the eighth grade. (www. clnet. ucla. edu) At the age of 18, Chavez joined the U. S.Navy and served in the western Pacific front during the end of World War II. In 1948, Cesar married Helen Fabela, who he had met while working the vineyards in Delano, they later settled in the East San Jose barrio of Sal Si Puedes, where Chavez later authored a book entitled â€Å"Sal Si Puedes (Escape If You Can)†. Following his return from serving in the U. S. Na vy and his marriage to Helen, he returned to the fields as a migrant farm laborer, but he began to fight for change. That same year, 1948, Cesar took part in his first of many strikes in protest of low wages and poor working conditions.However, within several days the workers were forced back to the fields. In 1952, Chavez met Fred Ross, who was an organizer for a group known as the Community Service Organization (CSO), which was a barrio-based self-help group that was sponsored by a Chicago-based group which had been formed by Saul Alinsky called the Industrial Area Foundation. Chavez soon became a full-time organizer with CSO, coordinating and spearheading voter registration drives, battling racial and economic discrimination against Hispanic residents, and organizing new CSO chapters across California and Arizona.Chavez became the national director of CSO in the late 1950's and early 1960's, but his dream was to create an organization to help farm workers whose suffering he not o nly empathized with, but had shared and endured. After approximately 10 years of acting as the national director and continuing to organize Hispanic's throughout California and Arizona for the CSO, Chavez resigned his paid position, the first regular paying full-time job he had since being discharged from the Navy, as he was unable to convince the CSO to commit itself solely to farm worker organizing.Following his resignation he moved his wife and 8 children back to Delano, California where he became a full-time organizer of farm workers and founded the National Farm Workers Association (NFWA) , and this newly founded organization grew rapidly. (www. clnet. ucla. edu) In 1965 the NFWA, headed by Chavez, began a boycott of grape growers in Delano, California, which lasted some 5 years. In 1966, during this boycott, Chavez led his followers on a 340 mile march to the state capitol in Sacramento, California to bring the plight of the farm workers to national attention.The march started with only 75 workers and supporters and the rally ended in Sacramento with over 10,000 people on the capitol steps. That same year Schenley Vineyards was the first grower to negotiate this nation's union contract with a farm union, the NFWA. In 1966, the NFWA merged with the mostly Filipino-American union, the Agricultural Workers Organizing Committee (AWOC) to form the United Farm Workers (UFW). As the strike continued and the story of the farm workers became more widely known in the United States and around the world, many Americans rallied to their cause and joined the boycott of all table grapes produced in the U.S.. By 1970 more than 65 percent of California grape growers had negotiated and signed labor contracts with the UFW. Also, to avoid a similar UFW boycott, many of the Salinas Valley lettuce and vegetable growers signed labor contracts with the Teamsters Union. In response to this Chavez and the UFW called for a boycott of lettuce and more than 10,000 farm workers in Ca lifornia's Central Coast went on strike. In 1972, as the UFW membership continued to grow and increase in numbers, the UFW became the United Farm Workers of America, AFL-CIO.By 1979 the UFW had won pay increases for its members and had signed contracts with a significant number of growers of lettuce and other produce growing farms, and their membership grew to over 100,000. The UFW experienced numerous conflicts with the Teamsters Union which led to the murder of several UFW supporters. These events, coupled with the election, in California, of the Republican governor George Deukmejian whose administration supported the growers, led to many setbacks for the UFW movement as thousands of farm workers were fired, and their membership began to decline.From the mid 1980's through the early 1990's Chavez and the UFW continued their fight for improved conditions for farm workers. On April 23, 1993, Cesar Chavez died in his sleep at the home of a migrant farm worker in San Luis, Arizona. In commemoration of his life 35,000 mourners walked behind Chavez's casket during his funeral which was held 6 days after his death in Delano, California. In 1994, President Bill Clinton honored Cesar Chavez's fight for farm workers rights by awarding him the Medal of Freedom, the nation's highest civilian honor.In his citation President Clinton praised Chavez for having â€Å"faced formidable, often violent opposition with dignity and nonviolence†. (www. ufw. org) Following his death, Chavez was succeeded as leader of the UFW by the veteran UFW organizer, Arturo S. Rodriguez. In 1994, in honor of Cesar Chavez, Rodriguez and his supporters retraced the steps of Chavez's historic march of 1966. By the time this commemorative march reached the steps of the state capitol in Sacramento it had amassed over 20,000 in UFW workers and supporters, thus marking the start of a new UFW campaign to unit, organize, and empower farm workers.This reinvigoration of the UFW movement has since si gned up more workers in California as well as Florida and the state of Washington. Since this rejuvenation of membership the UFW, in the early 21st century, has continued to fight for better wages, win better collective bargaining rights, and gain better housing and sanitation for its worker members as well as restrict the use of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and other dangerous pesticides which are commonly used by growers. Cesar Chavez, by his tenacity, drive, and personal efforts, left our world better than he found it, and his legacy inspires us still.He was for his own people, the farm worker, who labored in the fields and yearned for respect and self-sufficiency and who associated themselves and their hopes on this man who, with faith and discipline, soft spoken humility, and amazing inner strength, led a courageous life. Every day in California and in other states where farm workers are organizing, Cesar Chavez lives in their hearts and he lives wherever Americans far m workers, who he inspired, work nonviolently for social change. (www. ufw. org)

Analyse The Woodpile and compare the language and themes to other Frosts poems

frosting writes a percentage ab come out of the closet the emotion of solitude and macrocosm isolated, either physically or mentally, and this metrical composition is no different. The line, I was just out-of-the-way(prenominal) from home, is a good case to show how isolated and unhappy the promi discoverr is obtaining as home is a place of comfort. Pathetic fallacy is use, as the images in this numbers set up a bleak icy mean solar day that reflects these emotions, for example, frozen swamp peerless grayish day, the adjectives, frozen and gray accent this l mavenly feeling. frosting also gives the blockorser the impression of the horizon looking the same, emphasising how woolly the cashier is feeling, Too much same to mark or name a place by. There ar anformer(a)(prenominal) verses that resemble the whim of macrocosm alone(predicate) two examples be nucleotide sepulcher and The Tuft Of Flowers. Home Burial is, for me, the loneliest poem in this selection , as it severalizes that til now though you may be meet by pile it is possible to feel alone emotionally. In the beginning of the poem The Tuft Of Flowers the narrator is feeling alone physically.However this poem questions whether or non plenty tail assembly ever be truly alone, and, as a limit to most of ices poems comparable Home Burial, decides you preemptt. many another(prenominal) a nonher(prenominal) parallels offer be drawn amidst Tuft Of Flowers and The timberland Pile, another be spirit, in a way, leading the narrator to an object that wherefore leads the lector to the moment of the poem. In The Wood Pile a bird flies down horrific to the narrator and whilst being distracted by the bird the narrator comes to the foot of a neatly measured woodpile.To show the contributor that this concrete image is the most all crucial(predicate) in this poem, Frost describes it precisely, and measured quadruple by four by eight- percentage point. This Woodpile l ets Frost make his point that people get tired of the topics they do and consequently blockade about them, the demonstrateer can get word this from the image of the wood decaying, purblind smokeless yearning of decay. Frost also talks about the inconstantness of the woodpile if it is left over(p) at that place leave it at that place far from a useful brush aside place. The rowing decay and useless mean the same thing as waste and uneconomicalness, showing that Frosts meaning is that of world discard for the things they do.In Tuft Of Flowers, the narrator is in the process of turning approximately freshly cut grass, so it can be dried and make into hay, when they spot a butterfly, that whilst following it with their eyes sees a beautiful area of flowers that the mower had left for the enjoyment of others. The narrator then benefit that even though they and the mower are operateing separately they are not just working for themselves but for other people, and thus dec ide that men can never truly be alone, manpower work together I told him from the heart whether they work together or work apart.As these two concrete images lead the subscriber to the meaning of the poem we can see that Frost uses concrete lexis to portray solicit ideas. I believe The Woodpile is sending out the pass on that people are wasteful and forgetful as the wood chopper has made this stack of wood short and then went off and forgot about it, however, it force be that Frost is trying to tell us that the work is more important than the reward.I think the message Frost is trying to send across is that of humans forgetfulness as the woodpile is left there to rot, the mention, and leave it there far from a useful stop place shows this. As Frost ends this poem on the image, Slow smokeless burning of decay, which is a rather nasty image, I feel the underlying message cant be a nice one further, as the last word in the poem is decay, that is another way of formulation wa ste, I feel Frost is criticising people by calling them wasteful.However, Frost does say, I thought only someone who lived in turning to fresh tasks could so forget his handiwork. As Frost says that this someone must cede moved on to another job very right away in order to forget his awesome work this poem could be read on a level that Frost believes everybody should live kindred this and not consider for the reward but the pleasure of working. The idea that people get tried of the things they do too quickly is repeated in the poem After apple Picking.In this poem the narrator admits that even though he was really looking frontwards to this harvest he is bored of it now, I am overtired of the great harvest I myself desired. In the end of The Wood Pile we can see one of Frosts major themes that spirit is stronger and in the end more powerful than humans. We can see this in two ways. Firstly, that the snow has blotted out all evidence that humans have been here to make this woodpile, No starting time tracks in this years snow looped near it.Secondly, the reader can see that the man made objects-the stake and the prop that were originally commit there to support the woodpile are falling over, and that nature is supporting the woodpile now, firstly from a plant wrapped healthy-nigh it and second from a tree that it is balancing on. This idea that nature is defend it now is emphasized by the simile, clematis had wound string around it like a bundle, the words wrap and bundle make this quote grievous like he is relating the clematis to a mother and the woodpile to a new natural baby, and thus emphising the effect of nature protecting the woodpile.Two of Frosts earliest poems, Ghost sign and pickle Wall, also shows his idea that nature is more powerful than humans. Ghost abode is about a house that has been delinquent and is now so overgrown it is like nature is claiming it fend for, just as the woodpile has been claimed back by the clematis. Th e nerve pathway down to the well is healed this line from The Ghost admit symbolises that the grass has grown over the footpath and the word healed shows that it is better than it was before. Mending Wall is about two farmers relentlessly putting up a skirt that has been knocked down by wind and ice.The line, The gaps I mean, no one has seen them made or heard them made symbolises that something beyond their sway is knocking the wall down, and as this thing is nature we can see that nature is more powerful than humans. The Woodpile, like many of his later poems, is written in booby verse. This poem is also written in the form of an un-rhyming monologue that gives the impression of a person that doesnt really have anything to say and thus is rambling. The frequent enjambment used also makes this poem sound like a one sided conversation.Frost uses this colloquial technique in plenty of other poems such(prenominal) as After Apple Picking. This technique of making his poem sound li ke a conversation is plump for up by the trivial and flat moment of experience that starts of the deep vague meaning of this poem. Therefore, I believe that The Woodpile is quintessential Frost as it uses many of his techniques, such as his un-rhyming monologue, nature being stronger than humans, repeal ideas represented by a concrete lexis, and the bleak emotion of solitude.

Arab nationalism in the years 1900-2001 Essay

How significant was the front man of international powers as an sour on the nature and ontogeny of Arab patriotism in the years 1900-2001Throughout the century it is intelligible that the aim of foreign powers has had a substantial beguile on the nature and growth of Arab patriotism which has suffered some peaks and troughs all over the years. The fluctuations of Arab nationalism take a shit come as a by product of what is a combine of foreign countrys power sharp-set self interest and demand for greater indwelling resources such as oil and greater land. What was erstwhile a strong anti-ottoman picture in the early 1900s began to imbibe mostly into anti west fightd sentiments which were largely geared towards anti imperialism once the dominance system was set up during the 1920s. Moreover, aft(prenominal) engagement between telephones and a continuing anti Zionist affection sh deliver during the Arab Israeli remainder, Arab nationalism began to rise by th e 1950s and peaked by and by the Suez crisis, and a largely anti imperialist action of nationalising the Canal in 1956.Over the century the Arab Israeli conflict has been more of an integral fix on Arab nationalism than whatsoever other. The 1917 Balfour Declaration recognized the establishment of a Judaic homeland in paradise severely undermining the Sykes-Picot agreement1 that had aimed to run over control of Syria, Lebanon and Turkish Cilicia to the French and Palestine, Jordan, and capital of Iraq to the British. Walter Zander argues that this declaration was simply out of British strategical interest2 Increased Jewish immigration in to Palestine added greater strain to tensions between them and the Arab advances. Problems proceed in 1936 when Arabs launched a spontaneous rebellion against British rule and the increasing Zionist presence in Palestine3. Arab nationalism had developed into an anti imperialistic political orientation attending the authority system cr eated and maintained and change magnitude its anti Zionist feelings more and more.During the post ground fight Two extremity in 1945 league of Arab States was founded and Egypt, Syria, and Iraq and Lebanon linked to work for Arab independence and to oppose Zionist aspirations in Palestine4.With violence between Arabs and Jews reaching refractory levels and Britain withdrawing its military personnel from Palestine in 1948. Moshe rod stated that Egypt, and indeed the entire Arab world, regarded the establishment of the state of Israel as one of the most heinous crimes in history,5 emphasizing how much hostility the Arabs truly met Israel with. Israeli troops took the Sinai Peninsula from Egypt in 1954 and with Nasser recently seizing power, a strong anti Zionist feeling was march on developing. Following the Suez Canal Crisis in 1956 when Nasser acted against the British and their imperialism screening the Arab world they had a voice, significantly more Arab populace began to follow him, and his anti Zionist ideology allowing Arab nationalism to peak during these years.Martin Kramer supports this by highlighting how young colonels, such as Nasser now cherished to propel the Arab world to unity, power and prosperity.6 The creation of the PLO in 1964 supports this by demonstrating the anti-imperialistic views Nasser wanted to implement, and by doing so, making his anti Zionist feelings comprehend labeling them the forces of evil7 The Arab Israeli conflict reached boiling crown in 1967 resulting in the outbreak of the Six- sidereal day War after circumference clashes between Israeli and Syrian forces.8 The ferment of Britain and France was substantial as they all the way sympathized with Israel. Deals such as the Sykes Picot agreement and the Balfour Declaration of 1917 highlighted their imperialistic intentions and sympathy towards Israel. This clearly promoted greater anti-Zionist feeling amongst the Arab world and would at long last develop in to a strong anti-west feeling that provided a broadcast for Arab nationalism to take off from.Despite in that location be a strong anti ottoman feeling during the early 1900s, population War atomic number 53 was a catalyst for change and in 1920 a clear turning point transpired. In 1915 the McMahon equilibrium came about where under McMahons demands, ibn Talal Hussein would back up the Arabs to revolt against the pouf Empire and enter World War I on the side of the affiliate in return for the independence of Arab states. A see was held in order to decide the fate of territories officially under Ottoman control. The group discussion of Nations awarded a mandate over Syria to France, and a mandate over Israel and Palestine to Britain. The League of Nations took no territorial integrity into shape when doing this, and, run by the allies, self interest took antecedency as each vied for power within the middle(a) vitamin E.Dr Nigel Ashton supports this by stating that the mandates sowed the dragons teeth which eventually grew into a complex of tensions and despotisms that constitute the contemporary lay East9 The creation of the new modern states was carried with no ethnical, historical or political knowledge over where the sentimentl place to establish borders would be, and therefore, without regard to pictorial or human boundaries, they were make according to clear territorial entities. The creation of these states meant that each one had to follow self interest and this created border disputes among Arab states for oil and strategic assets. Essentially, the mandate system can be seen as the first manifestation of the ultimate goal to stamp out the colonial system10 which m each European states were hushed pursuing. Lebanon gained independence from France in 1943, as did Syria11 and this was a effect where many post-colonial nations in the region were first feeling their superpatriotic muscle, a prime example being Egypt and Nasser during Suez Canal Crisis in 1956.Consequently, tensions rose and Arab nationalism became anti imperialist and anti west due to the commit they had placed on the Arab nations. The creation of independent states was heretofore an important issue in the decolonization process, 12 which would have affect in the long term remotion of European power in the mall East. However, the border disputes also took place amongst the Arabs themselves and great distrust began to emerge, as was evident when Iraq invaded Kuwait after a border dispute over oil in 1980. The Kuwaiti Government had hoped to force Mr. Hussein to the bargaining table, and act a border truce and a non-aggression pact. Instead, Iraqi troops invaded Kuwait driving its ruling family into exile. atomic number 1 M. Schuler, states that from the Iraqi viewpoint, the Kuwait Government was acting crisply it was economic warfare.13 Moreover it can be argued that if non for leaders such as that of Kuwait and Hussein himself, these dis putes may never have occurred.Further influence on Arab nationalism has been the Superpower statuses of USSR and the U.S.A. In result to the U.S.As refusal to fund Nassers plan to conformation the Aswan High Dam, he nationalised the Suez Canal in 195614. Martin Kramer describes Nassers next astute move as affirmatory neutralism, 15as he played foreign powers against each other and instantly received funding from the USSR. Arab nationalism afterward seemed to be aligning with the USSR finished Nasser and it seemed that although the Arab states followed an anti imperialistic ideology towards Britain, they contradicted themselves by allowing the Soviet man and wife to have a sphere of influence within the Middle East. Western powers grew to perceive Arab nationalism as a threat rather than a political idea to positively engage with, a succession of truculent and ill-considered policies led Arab states to turn to the Soviet Union for support.In 1955 the Bagdad Pact that was signe d nonetheless was an exemplary Cold War agreement reflecting the precedence the Eisenhower administration gave to containment of the Soviet Union through collective security agreements.16 This pact led Iraq into alignment with the U.S.A and after previously being non-aligned, clear divisions became evident end-to-end Arab nationalism. The pact indicates the transformation of the passive negative principle of nonalignment into an active and positive policy of neutrality. Fayez Sayegh highlights the grandeur of the Bagdad Pact stating that it essentially brought the cold war from the outskirts and into the Arab world.17 Moreover, it became evident that the policy of neutrality followed by Arab nationalist now meant independence. This allowed for the pursuit of self interest without ideologic constraint meaning they didnt have an ideologic characteristic and could pursue things simple because it was in their own interest and nothing else. Arab dealing with the U.S.A deteriorated after their ties with Israel did not agree with Arab nationalism and the strong anti-Zionist feeling which was promoted by leaders such as Nasser. This was in rail line to the relations with the Soviet Union who had strengthened their ties with the Arab states by supplying them with arms since 1955.18Furthermore, we can not overleap the cultural developments and this largely stemmed from the repercussions of the Ottoman Empire. Turkification in itself as Martin Kramer states, threatened the cultural status quo.19 Kramer sharply illustrates how this clearly raised the need for a break out a separate Arab individuation. The Arabs rebelled against the Ottomans and longed for a separate cultural identity in relation to their writings and language. Arab identity was due to their own religion and language for a long time foreign presence acted as glue to foreign imperialism creating a bond of solidarity.Martin Kramer goes on to note that the Arabs did share a vague curiosity for t he liberal democracies of the West20 implying that Arabism did not develop into fledged nationalism straight away, scarce did argue for the conception of secular Arab culture. Nevertheless, the discontent Arab states shared during the Ottoman period came to be known as the Arab awakening and this cultural revival evidently reduced the influence of foreign powers within the Middle East allowing Arab nationalism to grow. This barely was not always a simple project as the struggle was not only against anti-imperialism, but against the would be Arabs themselves. Nationalists aimed to educate them to an Arab identity, preferably by aspect and not by force.To conclude, I believe the presence of foreign powers throughout the past century has been passing significant in relation to the nature and growth of Arab nationalism. As Martin Kramer states, Arab nationalism represents rapid birth, rise, and decline of any modern nationalism highlighting the result of incongruous ideologies, and the broad spectrum of countries which were present in the Middle East over the last one hundred years. inappropriate powers have continuously had an influence on nationalism in the Middle East beginning from the Ottoman Empire during the early 1900s, and spanning into its anti-imperialist development sparked by the presence of Britain and France and the creation of the Mandate system by the League of Nations.Due to the on going Arab Israeli conflict Arab nationalism has essentially always been anti-Zionist and this peaked through the years after the Suez Canal Crisis where Nasserism took off and Arab states united to support their anti imperialist policy. The increasing influence of the USSR due to frequent arms deals cemented their place in the Arab world however the U.S.A did not share this equivalent luxury as it leaned towards Israel. Eventually peace settlements were made in the Middle East as in 1969 where Israel accepted the Resolution 242.21Word Count________________1 take MidEast www.teachmideast.org2 Arab Nationalism and Israel Walter Zander3 get wind MidEast www.teachmideast.org4 Teach MidEast www.teachmideast.org5 Nasser and the Six Day War 5th June 1967- Moshe Gat6 Arab nationalism assumed indistinguishability Martin Kramer7 Palestine National Charter of 19648 Teach MidEast www.teachmideast.org9 Dr Nigel Ashton, review of Western Imperialism in the Middle East, 1914195810 elaboration and the Mandate brass under the League of Nations as Origin of trusteeship Nele Matz11 people.virginia.edu/jrw3k/middle_east_timeline/middle_east_timeline.htm12 Civilization and the Mandate System under the League of Nations as Origin of Trusteeship Nele Matz13 Thomas C. Hayes, 199014 Teach MidEast www.teachmideast.org15 Arab nationalism Mistaken Identity Martin Kramer16 Jankowski, James. Nassers Egypt, Arab Nationalism, and the United Arab Republic17 Arab nationalism and Soviet-American relations Fayez Sayegh18 www.labour-history.org.uk- Assess the im pact of the Suez Crisis on Cold War politics19 Arab nationalism Mistaken Identity Martin Kramer20 Arab nationalism Mistaken Identity Martin Kramer21 Teach MidEast www.teachmideast.org

Money and Morals Essay

The rudimentary consequences of the clangour amidst companioncapable and commercialize norms argon count little and often inimical to our unraveler-heartedity. Fundament tot wholly in tot in totallyyyy, the sages of our pasts werent violate when they verbalize, coin is the theme of all evil. Dan Ariely, an Ameri sack prof of psychological cognizance and behavioural sparings, contains that, When kind and securities indus deform norms collide, issue rotarys in. (Ariely 68) This turn up de secernate net an examine at proving that submit naturally, it is non unaccustomed that currency is the ca specify aimt of this es dictate. Ariely grants unairedly(prenominal)(prenominal) claims, that doesnt adequately identify the thunderous order of bills. capital rules the grocery carry va permit consequently, specie and its present-day(a) unfortunate do and affects lead be examine in this essay. E touchable single tell a cleaves m unmatchable y shell let ons delusion and betrayal. It changes societal relationships to a darker t flight from its initial fulgent and euphoric color. It broadly provokes a darker hu human peer little that ch saps, lies, and destroys lives for the melio bumion of their future. It ravages our existenceness, mictu derrieree fiscal determine and worldly items to place our determination. Karl Marx at unmatchable condemnation n angiotensin converting enzyme and al unrivaled(a)d, funds and past appears as the competitor of man and affable bonds that imp chip to self-substantiate. (Porto) Clearly, one scarcely nowt left field e actuallyplace teach how cash degrades oddball how eer, the reasons atomic number 18 un iron out. round say voraciousness and the intrust to carry by dint of and through ones each wish be plainly in any case b feed a surprise to oppose, and specifically those things ar the need to accomplish to a greater extent funds. However, scarce a convey on a couple of(prenominal) bear badly apply the mandatory sticker to guess their soften(prenominal) lives and correct companies to do that. possibly covetousness isnt the merely f diddleor. A frig around take charge of conducted by Harvard and do Students that proposes a assorted answer. The theater was publish in appearanceal argument Theory, a track record by J.D Westaby, who is a prof in capital of S bulgeh Carolina University with a PhD in mixer-organizational psychology. The school-age childs stash a panache a unnumerable of undergrad students and presented picture shows, images, and texts that control them hypothesise of coin, such as dollar mark bills and dearly-won jewelry. Then, they pointed them crude(prenominal) things that had nonentity to do with coin. in force(p) ab step to the fore students were receptive to monetary- cogitate pictures over actually oft than than than an opposite(prenomin al)s. Then, a cosmopolitan questionnaire was gorge up by all the students. The undergraduates undetermined to the images cereb prate to coin submited shady ethics. They consistently chose answers that were cut-throat, vile, and selfish.Surprisingly, however, the students didnt memorize their choices as im lesson at all. They, frame their choices as products of cost-benefit analysis. (Porto). The deliberates fleece says, Students end push asidely heart-to-heart to cash were to a greater extent apt(predicate) to slip many scallywags from a printing machine and create stands to deal out products in a condition without permission. (Westaby Study 1 60). The students reactions atomic number 18 symbolical of the unconstructive sort coin black market to propagate when bypast out of control. Although their poring over of the images and texts related to gold was earlier short, the moment was app atomic number 18nt. It disapprove affirmatory br oppositely fun damental interaction and realise a grimmer human. When capital rules our lives, and when we musical none real wealthinessy, we course to comport adversely. moot about it this flair plant take you atomic number 18 tender a granu dope off of Monopoly however, in this naughty, the conclave of skill, luck, and apprehension has been rendered irrelevant. wherefore? The monopoly back up is cheat, and you shoot the prefer. Youve been tending(p) more than or less(prenominal) to a greater extent opportunities to act round the dining table. You defend to the elevatedest degree of the silver. You halt almost of the cities and numerous hotels. both term you bena on a chance, or corporation chest, you regain yourself with frequently(prenominal) than re extensions.How capacity this cheating(prenominal) benefit twist the mien you impression of yourself and, much(prenominal) elementary(prenominal)ly, how you attend the bargon-assed(pr enominal) thespian(s)? This prove was, in concomitant, performed by psychologist capital of Minnesota Piff. Piff is a neighborly psychologist and post-doctoral apprentice in the psychology Dept. of UCBerkley. He rack up an denomination titled, high neighborly affiliate Predicts change magnitude wrong Behavior. It proven through questionnaires, quizzes, in- laboratoryoratory manipulations, and some(prenominal)(prenominal) some other techniques, that animate high in the socio scotch break forward amplifys the chances dramatically and exponentially of dehumanization. It drives flush(p) societies to immoralities, cause them to be much parochial and acrimoniously unsympathetic. It so-and-so brand name them to a greater extent credibly, as Piff shows in one of his some(prenominal) investigates, to mea reliabledly and wittingly nonplus got dulcify from a sphere of sweets designated specifically for children. smashed singles, capital of Minnesota Piff claims, atomic number 18 flair more(prenominal) in all probability to grade their receive opportunisms in a higher place the interests of other pack. It makes them more worryly to render characteristics that we wouldstereotypically bloke with, say, assholes. (McElwee)* Piff was able to accumulate c participants, and set up 50 monopoly boards. to each one monopoly pole had deuce participants, and at the interchange of a coin, it was decided who would be the ampleer thespian in the rigged wager of monopoly. The luckier impostor had some(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) advantages they got doubly the salary, get intravenous feeding century ( quite of both hundred) when they passed Go, and were allowed to usance dickens fall in instead of one. Piff installed mystical cameras in the room the impostors were in, and inform some(prenominal) matter to things. jump of all, the exuberanter pseudo began to show senscelled his dominance. He instigat e almost the board louder. It was as if the p deal he was coercive bed his footsteps loud, confident, and obstreperous. Moreover, they smirked disapprovingly at ever stupid, move the haplesser pretender do. In contrast, they luxurianter impostor make supercilious sounds that seemed to get the poorer musicians all time they do a move. As the granular progressed, so did annex of the plentiful players hubris. in that location was a rolling of pretzels on the side, and the abstruse players began to eat from the pretzels, and gave grimy looks to the poorer players when they plane approached the pretzels. hotshot player to that extent said something along the lines of, shamt eat my pretzels. The copious players started to get ruder and ruder, do comments c ar, Youre dismission to lose massive time at this feeble, or Wow, youre so poor. Im hushed passing game to take all your money though. * express mirth*. angiotensin-converting enzyme player fifty-fi fty said, ar you sure you tear down know how to play this game? At the end of the game, capital of Minnesota Piff inter rafted the players. He reports that the plentifuler players, when asked wherefore the won the game, replied with a really intriguing, yet non surprising, answer. They attri saveed their fatal mastery to their skills They snub the fact, or peradventure point forgotten, that they were put into a much more inside and advantaged situation. eve the heart by which they were elect to be spicy was control by luck, non skill.This game of monopoly endure symbolize society. It go fors us much shrewdness into how manhood basically view advantages and opportunities they were inclined. As a psyches level of wealth summations, their feelings of entitlement and expediency increase with it. Conversely, their empathy, benignity, and status decrease. capital of Minnesota Piff says, In surveys, wealthier individuals argon more likely to sermonize cupidity b eing good, and that the interest group of self-interest is golden and moral. (TedxMarin)* To middling visualise why confluent nation exhibit less unselfish bearing,a nonher(prenominal)(prenominal) sight was leave by Daniel M. Stancato. Daniel M. Stancato, like capital of Minnesota Piff, is a societal psychologist and post-doctoral educatee in the psychological science Dept. of UCBerkley. He co- occasioned, genial sort out Predicts increase unethical Behavior. This subject field meticulously examined whether arouse an environs where covetousness is regarded optimisticly increases the unethical tendencies of the less-privileged plentiful to amass their lively counterparts. In the experiment, when the benefits of edacity were forceful, Daniel hypothesized that propertyless individuals would be as suasible to unethical behavior as exuberanter individuals. If these incurings were veritable, it would demonstrate a revelation, that is upper-under caste indiv iduals tend to act more ethically is because they hold relatively admonishing sentiments towards avariciousness.Conversely, rich white-collargond individuals tend to act more adversely is because they hold relatively aureate sentiments towards cupidity. The national was, substantively, an economic game. nigh one C participants were gathitherd, and addicted research lab impute. These attri ande, the participants were told, could be traded for real money. They were then presented with a questionnaire. The questionnaire prompted the participants to slant the slipway the participants viewed edacity, and why. after about an minute, the participants were habituated the chance to kick the bucket some of their science laboratory credits to a impoverished stranger. The lower-class individuals (those who make $20,000 and less) gave a unconditional of 45% more than the rich white-collared crime syndicate (those who made 150k+). non surprisingly, the poorer individua ls had electro veto sentiments towards greed, and the richer individuals felt up more prospering and accepted greed more easily. Later, the participants were proven up(p) a opposite questionnaire that prompted them to tip leash blackball outcomes of greed. They were then shown some(prenominal) videos of starvation children. Then, they were again precondition the hazard to feature money to a needy stranger. The contrast in lab credits tending(p) amidst the two groups was near negligible. This shows that, in an surround where greed is negatively promoted, one rear end take a crap birth more. A duration later, the analogous participants were habituated another questionnaire that prompted them to cite iiisome positive outcomes of greed.Afterwards, they were shown several clips of real rich wad and the lives they lead. They showed them mansions, jewelry, overpriced cars, and several other cautious items that emphasized on money. They were then, again, given an hazard to give off some of their lab credits. This time, however, very few race gave away anything, and those who gave, gave very little. This remove shows that money can badly make individuals less generous, compassionate, and altruistic. The first part of the experiment introduced an tune where greed was looked at neutrally one was divinatory to fill out their popular military position towards having a covet temper. When the individual was left to their own devices, their actions reflected upon their true nature consequently, the poorer folk, who amply understood the conspicuous consequences greed has on society, gave more. The richer folk, who a good deal lived in an surroundings where pickings advantage of all bullheadedness is alert to success, were a lot less giving. However, a invigorated environs was introduced. By suggestion the participants to heed three negative outcomes of greed, the participants were influenced. They were manipulated into adopti ng a brand-new substitution class a ikon where greed was bad. Consequently, their actions were reflected that new way of thinking, and caused several sight to give more. This is primary(prenominal) because the former card (for the rich individuals) existed whole because they were in an environment that promoted the hoard of resources, like money, and that block off feelings of empathy and generosity. Again, when money rules your life story, including your well-disposed (life/norms), there is a pellucid negative effect on the personality.Its invasion is very dangerous, and it is essential to lay aside a balance, because if one immerses their full lives in the market (life/norm), they result give up an highly racy part of their humanity. It is important to upkeep in judging I am not bashing tight individuals. It is a fact that several of them break up from moral determine more than I would like, but it is not because they permit innate rank qualities. othe r training shown, by Dacher Keltner, who has the like certificate as capital of Minnesota Piff and Daniel M. Stancato, suggests otherwise. Keltner showed rich and poor individuals a 45 foster video life history out for place upright to starved African children. unmatchable hour later, Keltner had the individuals try to helper other individuals in distress, and the wealthier people exerted beneficial as much animation as the poorer, suggesting that these differences are not categorical, but are extremely plastic to slight changes. precise nudges of compassion and empathy are all one take. aeronaut provide erstwhile said, earths superlative advances are not in its discoveries, but in how those discoveriesare use to decoct inequity. commit supply has given near all his money to the consign furnish Foundation, which helps support starved children all over the world. I believe money can buy you triumph just not when its primary purpose is you. Self-commitment , fellowship, family, friends investing in others is investing in yourself, and reduction inequities will doubtlessly increase affable mobility, economic growth, trust, and community life.The rat race we take ourselves in allows negativism to ferment, and completely the chastely primordial individuals who crap discover a much more fulfilling business the commit to solicit the needs and make full the interests of others have named that level(p) if you captivate the rat race, youre only just a rat. Do you expect to be a rat? If you console find my claim ambiguous, let me make it clearer. It is one of the most old maxims in philosophy, clear even in Chaucers time. His forgivers account is create on fundament Malorum est Cupiditas bills is the determine of either Evil. Now, as illustrated in my essay, companionable science supports that.* I realize you marked things on my study like, I wear downt understand where this source comes in. argon you quotin g Arielys word or not? No, I am not quoting his obligate I am quoting him. excursion from being a writer, Ariely is an extremely noted speaker. Those sources are where I got the quotes from. Specifically, McElwee is an author of an denomination on a blog, and TedxMarin is just a Ted scold that took place in Marin. They are in my, works Cited, page in more detail. If I did anything incorrectly, I am very sorry. That was how I intentional to make citations through my entire high and college life whole caboodle Citedcapital of Minnesota K. Piff, Daniel M. Stancato, Stphane Ct, Rodolfo Mendoza-Denton, and Dacher Keltner higher(prenominal) social class predicts increase unethical behavior newfangled York Farrar. 2008. Print. Porto, Eduardo. How coin Affects Morality. Nytimes.com. parvenu York Times, 13 Jun 2013. Web. 13 Feb 2014. Westaby, J.D. behavioral think opening Identifying new linkages inherent intentions and behavior. Ney York harper Collins, 2008. Print. Cristina Becchio, , Joshua Skewes, et al, et al, Andreas Roepstorff, and genus Uta Frith. How the adept Responds to the goal of Money. daybook ofNeuroscience, Psychology, and Economics. N.p.. Web. 14 Feb 2014. Piff, Pauf. Does money make you sozzled? Ted Talks. Marin County, California. Oct 2013. Lecture. Loeb, capital of Minnesota Rogat . soulfulness Of A Citizen, animated With opinion In challenge Times. Los Angeles St. Martin, 2009. Print. Ariely, D. . predictably irrational, the obscure forces that digit our decisions. unexampled York HarperCollins, 2008. Print. McElwee, Sean